Vital Statistical Terminologies In Medicine.pptx

Describe basic vital statistical terminologies

1. Vital Statistics

2. Learning Objectives Vital Statistics of a country (Pakistan) Importance of Measuring Units

3. Vital Statistics Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Infant Mortality rate (IMR) Life Expectancy at Birth Death Rate Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) Total Population Growth Rate Population(Age) Structure Population

4. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) Definition: It is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year. 260 deaths/100,000 live births as of 2012

5. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) Definition: It gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female . This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. Total: 61.27 deaths/1,000 live births Male: 64.51 deaths/1,000 live births Female: 57.88 deaths/1,000 live births

6. Birth Rate (Crude Birth Rate) Definition: This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.   Birth Rate : 24.3 births/1,000 population

7. Death Rate (Crude Death Rate) It gives the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population. Death Rate: 6.8 deaths/1,000 population

8. Population Definition: It gives an estimate based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends. The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. Population: 190,291,129 (July 2012 est.)

9. Population growth rate The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. Population growth rate: 1.551% (2012 est.)

10. Population growth rate…… The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.

11. Life expectancy at birth Definition: It contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. It includes total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.35 years Male: 64.52 years Female: 68.28 years (2012 est.)

12. Age Structure Definition : It provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group ( 0-14 years , 15-64 years , 65 years and over ). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues . Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. e:g the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.

13. Age Structure….. Age structure: 0-14 years: 35.4% (male 34,093,853/female 32,278,462) 15-64 years: 60.4% (male 58,401,016/female 54,671,873) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,739,647/female 4,157,870) (2011 est.)

14. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Definition : It gives a figure for the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country. A rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population, resulting in relative stability in terms of total numbers. Rates above two children indicate populations growing in size and whose median age is declining.

15. TFR…. Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to enter the labor force. Rates below two children indicate populations decreasing in size and growing older. Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years. Total fertility rate: 3.07 children born/woman (2012 est.)

16. Contraceptive Prevalence (% of women ages 15-49) Definition: CPR is the percentage of women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually measured for married women ages 15-49 only. Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49) in Pakistan was 27.00 as of 2008. Its highest value over the past 33 years was 32.10 in 2003, while its lowest value was 3.30 in 1980. Source: Household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys by UNICEF

17. References CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of July 26, 2012 http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/maternal_mortality_rate.html   Unicef (2012)