VOLATILE OILS CONTAINING CRUDE DRUGS.pptx

VOLATILE OILS CONTAINING CRUDE DRUGS

1. Volatile Oils: Definition, classification, properties and test for identification

2. Introduction Definition of volatile oil: The odorous, volatile principle of plant and animal source are known as volatile oil. As they evaporate when exposed to air at ordinary temperature, they are also called ethereal oil . Volatile oils are also called essential oil because they produce essence. Most of the essential oil are optically active Examples of essential oil containing crude drugs are clove, mentha , citronella, etc

3. Definition of fixed oil. A non-volatile oil of animal or plant origin. Not  volatile , i.e .,  does not evaporate on HEATING; such oils consist of  amixture  of   fatty acids  and  their esters Are classified as solid, semisolid and liquid,  or on drying as a function of their tendency to solidify on exposure to air. Examples of fixed oil are cotton seed  oil , linseed  oil , sesame  oil , hemp seed  oil , coconut  oil  castor oil , almond oil , shark liver oil , etc

4. Properties of Volatile oil Evaporate at room temperature Contain essence Essential oils are soluble in alcohol, ether, and fixed oils, but insoluble in water. These volatile oils are generally liquid and colorless at room temperature. They have a characteristic odor , are usually liquid at room temperature and have a density less than unity, with the exception of a few cases (cinnamon, sassafras, and vetiver ). They have a refractive index and a very high optical activity.

5. Preparation of volatile oils The principle methods used in the preparation/production of volatile oils from plants depends on Distillation in water or steam Mechanical methods Extraction with solvents Enzymes hydrolysis Supercritical fluid extraction

6. Identification tests Volatile oil when smeared on filter paper gives translucent stain, which is temporary. Few drops of oil is soluble in 2-3ml of 90% alcohol. A thin section of drug + alcoholic solution of Sudan-III gives oil globules acquire red colour (Presence of volatile oil) A thin section of drug + A drop of tincture alkane gives red colour (Presence of volatile oil)

7. Volatile oils and fixed oils containing Crude drugs Clove oil Mentha oil Cinnamom oil Coriander oil (Assignment) Fennel oil (Assignment) Citronella oil Cod-liver oil Castor oil Shark liver oil

8. Thank you…