VOLLEYBALL (HISTORY AND IMPORTANT DATES)

Volleyball is a dynamic and fast-paced sport played between two teams, each consisting of six players, separated by a net. The primary objective is to score points by grounding the ball on the opponent's side of the court while preventing the opposing team from doing the same. Players use a combination of strategic positioning, precise passing, powerful hitting, and tactical serving to outmaneuver their opponents.

The game begins with a serve, where a player hits the ball over the net to initiate play. Once the ball is in play, each team has three touches to return the ball over the net, typically consisting of a bump (or pass), set, and spike (or attack). Volleyball is renowned for its quick rallies, requiring teamwork, coordination, and agility from all players.

Volleyball is played on a rectangular court, with boundaries marked by lines. The net divides the court into two equal halves, and each team defends one side while trying to score points on the other. Points are scored when the ball touches the ground within the opponent's court, when the opponent commits a fault (such as a double hit or a ball landing out of bounds), or when the opponent fails to return the ball legally.

Matches are usually played in a best-of-five sets format, with each set won by the team first to reach 25 points (with a minimum two-point advantage), except for the deciding fifth set, which is played to 15 points. Volleyball is not only a highly competitive sport but also a popular recreational activity enjoyed by people of all ages and skill levels around the world.

1. Welcome to the V-world! Volleyball

2. Is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 players are separated by a net. VOLLEYBALL

3. HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan a physical education teacher in the YMCA in Holyoke Massachussets, USA. He wanted to create an Indoor game which could be played by any number of players. The game was created on the 9th of February, 1895 . It was called Mintonette. Some of the traits of the game were borrowed from tennis and handball. Dr. Alfred Halstead suggested the name “volley” “ball”

4. IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOLLEYBALL ARE AS FOLLOW. 1900 - The year when the point system was adapted. 1910 - Elwood Brown introduced volleyball in the Philippines. 1912 - The year when the rotation system was adapted. 1916 - Set and Spike were introduced. 1917 - the game was change from 21 to 25 points. 1918 - The year when the player in the court fixed to 6 players per team.

5. IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOLLEYBALL ARE AS FOLLOW. 1920 - Three hits per side and back row attack rules were introduced 1921 - The year when the centerline was Imposed 1922- The first YMCA national championship was held in Brooklyn New York 1924- The year when Japan introduced the 9- man team with 21 points to win a set 1930- The first two-man beach game was Played

6. IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOLLEYBALL ARE AS FOLLOW. 1934 - The approval and recognition of national Volleyball referees. 1964 - Volleyball was included in the World Olympics in Tokyo, Japan July 7, 1896 at springfield college the first game of volleyball was played

7. THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE SPORT OF VOLLEYBALL FIVB Federation Internationale De Volleyball

8. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

9. THE PLAYING COURT Dimension- the playing court is a rectangular measuring 18m x 9m surrounded by a free zone 3m measure and with space free from obstructions to a height of at 7m from the playing surface Playing surface- the surface must be flat, horizontal and uniform.

10. Boundary lines- all lines are 5cm in width. Center line- the axis of the center line divides playing court into two equal courts measuring 9m x 9m each. Zone line- attack line and front zones. On each court, the front is limited by the attack line (it’s width included) 3m parallel to the middle of the center line.

11. Net - The net that separates the two teams and over which the volleyball must pass. Height of the net- the height of the net shall be 2.43m for men and 2.24m for women . Antennae- it is fastened on the outer edge of the each vertical side band extending 80cm above the top of the net on opposite sides of the net. Poles- two poles probably adjustable, round and smooth, with a height of 2.55m support the net, one each side.

12. The ball shall be spherical. Made of flexible leather case with a bladder inside made of rubber or a similar material. The circumference is 65 to 67cm. Its weight is 260-280g, the inside pressure should 0.30- 0.35kg/cm. BALL

13. Players Equipment- these consist of jersey short, knee pads, and sport shoes. Shorts must be uniform, clean and of the same color

14. Basic skills in Volleyball

15. SERVING To starts game. It is very important element of volleyball. A server who can serve the ball reliably and skillfully will help his/her team far more than will a player who, for instance, is inconsistent with their serving. TYPES OF SERVE Underhand serve Sidearm Serve Overhead serve/wallop

16. UNDERHAND SERVE An  underhand serve is  a type of  serve  in which the player holds the ball in one hand, swings the other in an arc motion below the waist and strikes the ball from the bottom with a fist to put it in play.

17. In the sidearm serve, the one side of the player that is going to serve the ball should be turned towards the net or the opponents side. The ball should rest on one palm. The arms of the server should be stretched or half stretched at the level of the shoulder. SIDEARM SERVE

18. First hold the ball with the non-dominant hand then toss the ball 2-3 feet in front of the body and then hit it with the strong and hard surface of the dominant hand OVERHEAD SERVE/WALLOP

19. RECEIVING It is the act of receiving a serve from the opposing team.

20. In volleyball, digging is a form of passing. Digs occur after an opponent serves or spikes the ball. Digs may not always be perfect passes to a teammate, as the goal of a dig is to keep the ball playable and continue the rally, whereas passes prioritize setting up a teammate to score. TYPES OF RECEIVING DIGGING

21. TYPES OF RECEIVING BUMP The bump is  the basic pass in volleyball . It is used when receiving a serve or reacting to an opponent's attack. The player should be holding his arms away from the body at a 90-degree angle with his hands together. Knees should be bent. The ball comes in contact with the lower forearms just above the wrist.

22. TYPES OF RECEIVING TOSSING The ball must be thrown up into the air by approximately 20in. The hitting hand is drawn back as the ball is thrown up by bending it at the elbow and then bringing it forward to connect with the ball.

23. TYPES OF RECEIVING FINGER TOSSING The ball should contact your thumbs and first two fingers with an equal amount of force, while your last two fingers on both hands contact the ball with much less force.

24. TYPES OF RECEIVING BALL HANDLING Ball handling is probably the most misunderstood. The ball is allowed to touch any part of the players’ body from head to toe as long as the contact is legal.

25. The set is usually the second contact in a rally and the person who sets the ball the most is called the setter.  The setter on a volleyball team is like a point guard on a basketball team who runs the offense and calls the plays.  SET

26. An act of scoring the ball over the net into the opposing court effectively and aggressively. SPIKE

27. An action taken by players by standing or jumping at the front of the net to stop or alter an opponent’s attack. BLOCK

28. OFFICIALS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

29. 1 st REFEREE He is seated or standing on a referee’s stands located at the end of the net. He directs the match from the start until the end. He has authority over all officials and members of the team. He perform the toss with the team captains. He controls team’s warming up He authorizes or sanction misconduct and delays.

30. UMPIRE OR THE 2 nd REFEREE He stands outside the playing court near the post on the opposite side facing the referee He is assistant of the 1 st referee and his own range of jurisdiction . But he can replace the 1 st referee if he cannot continue his work. He controls the works of the scorer He supervises team members on the team bench and reports misconduct to the 1 st referee. He controls the number of time-outs and substitutions used by each team and reports the 2 nd time outs and the 5 th and 6 th substitutions to the 1 st referee and coach concerned.

31. SCORER He is seated at the scorer’s table on the opposite side of the court facing the referee. He keeps the score sheet according to the rules, cooperating with the 2 nd referee He uses buzzer or any other sound device to give signal to referees on the basis of his responsibilities. Prior to the game and set, he register the data of the match and teams according to the procedures in force and obtains the signatures of the captains and coaches. He records the starting line-up of each team from the line up sheet.

32. LINE JUDGES If there are 4-line judges, they stand in the free zone at 1 to 3m from each corner of the court, on the imaginary extension of the line that they control. If there is only two, they stand at the corners of the corners of the nearest to the right hand of each referee diagonally at 1 to 2m from the corner They perform their functions by using a flag The signal if the ball is in or out They signal the touches of “out” balls by the team receiving the ball. Or when the ball touches the antennae They signal if any player steps outside of her player court.

33. PARTICIPANTS, THEIR DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

34. PLAYERS A team is composed of maximum of 12 players. Each team has the option to register among the final list of 12 players one specialized defensive player “Libero” Only the players recorded on the score sheet may participate in the match.

35. TEAM CAPTAIN He must be indicated in the score sheet and identified inside the court. He should sign the score sheet before and after the game. He should represent his team in the toss.

36. COACH Throughout the match, he conducts the play of his team from outside the playing court. He select the starting line ups, their substitutes and takes time outs for giving instructions. His contacting official is 2 nd referee. He records and checks the names and numbers of his players on the score sheet and then sign it. Prior to each set, he gives the scorer or the 2 nd referee the line-up sheets duly filled in and signed.

37. ASSISTANT COACH He sits on the team bench but has no right to intervene in the match. Should coach have to leave his team, he may request at the team captain with the authorization of the 1 st referee, assume the coach’s functions.