Voluntary Counselling and Testing.pptx

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1. Voluntary Counselling and Testing ( VCT )

2. VCT VCT is when a person chooses to  undergo HIV/AIDS counseling so that they can make an informed decision about whether to be tested for HIV.  The government is encouraging all to come forward to be tested for HIV.  it believes that if many get tested, even though they may not be sick, this will help to lessen the amount of stigma associated with the HIV test. 

3. HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIOLOGY By the end of 2005 an estimated 24.5 million people were living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In that same year 2 million people died of AIDS leaving behind 12 million orphans. In Rwanda alone 21000 people died of AIDS leaving behind 210.000 orphans. Right now the HIV/Aids prevalence is 3% with the most affected people concentrated in the urban areas where the prevalence is 7%.

4. , The government of Rwanda together with other organizations working in the country, is determined to see that the prevalence level is reduced to 0.5% within 10 years ahead

5. Voluntary Counseling and Testing ( VCT VCT for HIV usually involves two counseling sessions: one prior to taking the test known as " pre-test counseling" and one following the HIV test when the results are given, often referred to as " post-test counseling". Counseling focuses on the infection (HIV), the disease (AIDS) ,the test, and positive behavior change.

6. CONT’ VCT has become popular in many parts of Africa as a way for a person to learn their HIV status. VCT centers and counselors often use rapid HIV tests that require a drop of blood the tests are cheap, require minimal training, and provide accurate results in about 15 minutes.

7. , I f find out as an earlier stage, that they are infected with HIV, they can: Learn more about the virus and how it effects the body. Look after our health so that we stay as healthy as possible for as long as possible Get information and counseling around how to live positively with the virus.  

8. , This means learning to accept the fact that: we are HIV-infected seeking emotional support eating a health diet, learning how to control the amount of stress in our life M aking sure we don't become re-infected , and planning for the future.

9. Cont’ Learn to recognize the signs of opportunistic infections so we can get them treated promptly Find out about prophylactic drugs.  These drugs do not cure HIV/AIDS, but can prevent from getting some opportunistic infections that are common with people living with HIV/AIDS eg. T.B and some kinds of Pneumonia

10. , Access Nevirapne.  This is a drug available at a number of hospitals and clinics that lessens the chance of a pregnant mother passing the virus onto her baby. Get emotional support by seeking counseling and joining support groups. Make sure that we don't infect anyone else or get re-infected ourselves Learn how to manage the stress in our lives

11. , If we not infected with HIV, VCT can motivate to stay HIV antibody negative, and to accept those who are infected. Opportunistic Infections These are the kind of infections  that your body would normally be able to control if the immune system was strong.  Unfortunately, when HIV destroys the immune system, these diseases flourish.  They are called opportunistic because if your immune system was strong, they would not be able to flourish.  Some examples are thrush of the mouth and TB.

12. What is counseling? Counseling is a private conversation with a specially trained person aimed at helping you to help yourself.  Counseling encourages to explore possible solutions to your problems, and to consider the impact that certain decision may have on your life.  HIV/AIDS counseling provided at VCT sites is free and confidential.  This means that the Counselor cannot tell anyone about your result without your permission. 

13. , You must receive face-to-face counseling before you have the test.  This is known as pre-test counseling, and is aimed at ensuring that you make a well-informed decision about whether to have the HIV test or not, and encourages you to explore the possible impact that having the test may have on your life .

14. , Once the test has been done, you will receive post-test counseling.  This is the counseling during which you will receive your result.  We know that people who have good pre and post-test counseling are able to cope better with their results, and are more likely to  look after their health, and  protect others from infection.  The counseling that you may have once you already know your result is known as on-going counseling. 

15. , On-going counseling helps you to live positively with HIV and provides you with support and guidance with regard to any problem that you may face. Having the HIV antibody test is you own personal decision.  No one can force you to have it. 

16. Types of counseling There are three types of counseling as it is shown below: Pre-Test Counseling Post Test Counseling Ongoing HIV/AIDS counseling

17. Pre-Test Counseling This is the kind of counseling you get before you decide whether you want to have the HIV antibody test.  Some of the issues the counselor will discuss with you are: Why you decided to come for counseling What counseling is, and the role of the counselor What your personal history is Whether you have any health problems What your risk of being HIV infected is What you know about HIV/AIDS

18. , Information about HIV/AIDS, including the test procedure and what people who are HIV infected can do to make sure that they stay as healthy as possible for as long as possible. What alternative there are for solving your problems Which issues you want to tackle first

19. , What impact you think a positive, indeterminate or negative result would have on your life and how you think you would react to receiving them . The advantages and disadvantages for you to having the test What king of support system you have including who you would be able to tell if you tested HIV antibody positive. How you have coped with problems in the past

20. Post Test Counseling This is the kind of counseling you get after you have had the test.  During this session the counselor will:  Give  you your test result. Let you express your feeling about being HIV antibody positive, negative or indeterminate.  Help you to revisit the issues you raised during the pre test counselling session, including any plans you may have made. Discuss any immediate problems and help you to decide on a plan of action

21. , Answer any questions you may have and provide you with useful information Discuss positive living Give you positive information on what resources there are in your community to help you . Notes: HIV antibody test results are never given over the phone.  You can only receive your result face-to-face

22. Ongoing HIV/AIDS counselling Ongoing counselling is the king of counselling that happens after you have received your test result.  The aims of ongoing counselling are to: Help you to manage the impact that HIV has on your own life, and the lives of the  people around you. Encourage you to take control of your health and take charge of your life. Help you to accept your result and live positively with HIV/AIDS Explore the advantages and disadvantages of telling other people about your status.

23. , Assist you in tackling your problems Provide emotional and psychological support Help you to strengthen your support system Help you to plan for the future Explore issues around death and dying Refer you to community resources

24. HIV antibody test Rapid HIV Test Some HIV/AIDS counselling and testing sites use the Rapid HIV Test.  If the test is a blood one, the tip of your finger will be pricked with a special kind of needle and a drop of blood squeezed out.  Using a thin glass tube, the drop of blood will be put into a small window in the test strip.  Drops of special fluid will be added to this test window to help the blood move up the length of the strip.  The test result will be ready in 15 minutes

25. , If the test shows that you are HIV antibody Positive, a second HIV rapid test will be done.  If the second test is also HIV antibody positive, the counselor will tell that you are HIV antibody positive.  You are therefore infected with HIV.

26. , If you are HIV antibody Negative, no further test will be done.  This means that you have no antibodies to HIV in your blood.  Because you may still be in the 'Window Period' you will be advised to return for another test in a few weeks.

27. ELISA , Some services use the ELISA HIV antibody test.  A sample of blood will be taken from a vein in your arm.  This sample will be sent to the nearest laboratory where the ELISA test will be conducted.  The results take between one and three weeks.  If the blood sample on which the ELISA test is conducted tests HIV antibody negative, then, during your post-test counselling session, the counselor will tell you that you have tested HIV ANTIBODY NEGATIVE. This means that you have no antibodies to HIV in your blood.  However, you may still be in the window period so you will be advised to return for testing after a few months. 

28. , If the blood sample tests HIV antibody positive, a second blood test will be done on the blood sample so that the result can be confirmed.  If the second blood test tests HIV antibody positive, then, during your post-test counselling session, the  counselor will tell you that you have tested HIV ANTIBODY POSITIVE. This means that you have antibodies to HIV in your blood.  You are therefore infected with HIV.  You will be advised to return for another test in a few months time .  .

29. , If the first ELISA test is positive, but the second one is negative, you will be told that the result is INDETERMINATE or DISCORDANT. This means that the test is not sure if you are HIV positive or negative. You will be advised to come back in a few months time to be tested again

30. The Window Period When HIV first gets into your body, your immune system recognizes it as harmful and makes special disease fighting cells called antibodies.  Your body takes between 6 and 12 weeks to make these antibodies.  The HIV antibody test looks for these special cells and not for HIV itself.  If you have an HIV antibody test before  your body has made these fighting cells, the test will be HIV antibody negative, even though HIV is in your body. 

31. , This time when you have HIV in your body but your immune system has not made antibodies yet is known as the WINDOW PERIOD.  It is important to remember that if you have HIV in your body, even if you have tested HIV antibody negative, you can still pass the virus onto someone else if you have unprotected sex.  If you get tested after 12 weeks, your test will be HIV antibody positive.  This will mean that you have HIV.

32. Positive Living The main benefit of finding out your HIV antibody status is that you can find out how to live positively with HIV.  Positive living means living with HIV/AIDS in such a way that you take control of your own physical, emotional, social and spiritual life.  It means keeping a positive outlook and not giving up.  Here are some of the things that you can do to help you live better with HIV:

33. Accept your feelings Finding out that you have HIV may make you feel very angry and confused.  Some people feel very sad, some go into shock and may feel numb, and others are very scared.  Many people feel totally overwhelmed and helpless. It's important to realize that you are undergoing a crisis so these feelings are normal.  Accept them, because feeling this way is part of the process of coming to terms with your HIV status. 

34. , The strength of these feelings will lessen over time but a lot of people may sleep badly, not feel like eating, and feel tearful for a few weeks after being told they have HIV/AIDS.  If these feelings are still very strong after about three weeks you may need to seek professional help from a counselor or doctor.

35. Control the Stress in Your Life Stress is known to make your immune system weak.  If your immune system is weak it will not be able to fight infections well.  You can lesson the amount of stress in your life by: Finding out about how to live positively with HIV Seeking counselling Sharing your feelings with a friend or counsellor Joining a support group

36. , Setting goals for the future Making sure that you eat a well balance diet Putting aside some time every day to relax.  You may relax by listening to music, reading, going for a walk or meditating. Tackling your problems one at time.  Trying to solve them all at once is stressful

37. Look after your health Find out as much as you can about HIV/AIDS and your own health.  There are a lot of thinks that you can do to help yourself stay as healthy as possible for as long as possible: Make sure that you get treatment for infections quickly.  This will keep your immune system stronger. Find out about antiretroviral drugs

38. , Try and avoid getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD).  These may also be called sexually transmitted infections (STI's).  STD's can weaken your immune system and also make it easier for you to get re-infected with HIV.  If you do pick up an STD, get it treated as soon as possible.  It's important to finish your treatment, and to get your partner/s treated too otherwise they will just give it to you again! Use condoms to prevent re-infection with HIV and STD's. Exercise for at least 20 minutes three times a week.

39. , Attend an HIV clinic.  Phone your local provincial hospital and ask them where the nearest one is. Ask your doctor about prophylactic treatment Eat a well balanced diet Make sure that you eat lots of fruit and vegetables.  Your local clinic or pharmacy can give you advise on good nutrition. Take a multivitamin supplement if you can afford it (ask you to doctor or pharmacist to recommend one) Don't smoke or drink alcohol excessively

40. Anti-Retroviral Drugs These are drugs that try to stop HIV from multiplying in the body.  They cannot cure HIV/AIDS, but are good at keeping HIV-infected people healthier for longer. 

41. Positive Living Ideas Do things you enjoy Keep a sense of humour Seek spiritual/religious help if it feels right for you Make as many of your own decisions as possible Express your feelings by writing, talking to infected people, drawing, playing music or dancing Fill you life with things that make you feel good about yourself Help others