vtu module module module Module 4_Curves.pptx

Curves

1. Engineering Survey (BCV302) By 1

2. Contents - Modules Module 1 – Engineering surveying & Measurement of Distances Module 2 - Vertical Control, Theodolite Surveying & Total Station Surveying Module 3 – Contours, Longitudinal and cross sectioning & Coordinate survey with Total station Module 4 – Curves, Areas and Volumes & Construction Surveying Module 5 - GPS Surveying & Surveying with Drone 2

3. Practical Exercise 1 Use of Various types of tapes, Laser distance meter, Distance measuring wheel. 2 Differential levelling by Dumpy level by plane of collimation method 3 Measurement of horizontal and vertical angles by Theodolite. Method of repetition 4 Setting out simple curve using Rankine’s method using Theodolite 5 Setting out central line of a small residential building. 6 Setting up of Total station. Features and components of Total station 7 Measurement of Distance, slope, vertical distance, horizontal and vertical angles using Total station 8 Coordinate measurement with Total station 9 Longitudinal sectioning and cross sectioning using Total station 10 Contouring and plotting with Total station 11 Demonstration of Equipment’s used for chain, compass and plane table surveying 12 Visit to railway station/ large construction site to understand the importance of datum and benchmark 3

4. Course Outcomes At the end of the course, the student will be able to: Summarize various types of surveying and carry out distance measurement using various equipment’s Illustrate the use and applications of levelling and theodolite Plot contours, longitudinal and cross sections for construction projects. Set curves for construction works and carry out estimation of areas and volumes. Demonstrate the necessary skills to carry out GPS and DRONE Surveying 4

5. Module 4 – Curves, Areas and Volumes & Construction Surveying Curves – Types of Curves- Application of curves in civil engineering. Setting out of Horizontal curve by Theodolite (Rankine ’ s method) and using Total Station. Components of Compound, Reverse curve. Transition Curve and Combined curve. Various types of vertical curves and its applications. Areas and Volumes - Methods of determining areas by trapezoidal and Simpsons ’ rule. Measurement of volume by prismoidal and trapezoidal formula. Earthwork volume calculations from spot levels and from contour maps; Earthwork calculation in Embankments. Construction Surveying - Setting out works using Total Station, Setting out buildings by Centre line method. 5

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12. CURVES Curves are regular bends provided in the lines of communication, like highways, railways, etc., to make gradual change in the horizontal and vertical directions. Those curves that change the alignment or direction are known as horizontal curves those that change the slope are called vertical curves . Horizontal curves are provided in the horizontal plane to have the gradual change in direction, whereas vertical curves are provided in the vertical plane to obtain the gradual change in the grade. 12

13. CURVES At intersection of roadways or railways, there is sharp change in direction. If a vehicle turns sharply at intersection, abrupt jerk at vehicle may takes place, even vehicle topple down due to centrifugal force. To avoid this situation gradual change in direction is accomplished at the intersection by introducing the curves. The intersection of roadways or railways may be in horizontal or vertical plane accordingly horizontal or vertical curves are introduced. 13

14. Curves - Classification 14 Valley Curve Summit Curve Combined Curve

15. Curves – Horizontal Curves 15

16. Curves – Vertical Curves 16

17. Components of Simple Circular Curve 17

18. Geometry of Simple Circular Curve Expressions for different parts Arc and chord Sub Chords and Full chords (Normal chords) 18

19. Practicing Numericals 19

20. Methods of Setting Out Curve Linear Methods Angular Methods – (Discuss on Rankine’s method of deflection angles) 20

21. Rankine’s Method Angular method and hence uses Theodolite or Total Station. Practical Session – using Theodolite 21

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