vulnerability in disaster.pptx

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1. D I S AS T E R V ULN E RABILIT Y DEFINITION & CONCEPT

2. VULNERABILITY IN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2019) vulnerability in this context can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard. Vulnerability refers to the inability (of a system or a unit) to withstand the effects of a hostile environment ( Wikipedia,2019). The characteristics determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards.

3. WHAT IS VULNERABILITY ? Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard . There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.

4. WHAT IS VULNERABILITY ? According to UNESCO/UNDRO (1982) Definitions of Hazard & Risk Terminology- Vulnerability (V) is the degree of loss to a given element or set of elements at risk resulting from the occurrence of a hazardous phenomenon of a given magnitude. It is expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total loss).

5. KEY CONCEPT OF VULNERABILITY ? Vulnerability = Exposure + Resistance + Resilience Exposure: at risk property and population Resistance: Measures taken to prevent, avoid or reduce loss Res i lien ce : Abi l i t y t o recov e r p r i or s ta t e o r ac hieve de s ir e d post-disaster state

6. EXAMPLE OF VULNERABILITY? Philippines are more vulnerable T h e p e ople o f the Ea s t er n p a rt of to typhoons because of: -High Exposure of Typhoon -Low R e s i st a nce (la c k o f pr o p e r management) -Low Resilience (Economic limitation)

7. WHAT MAKES PEOPLE VULNERABLE? Some definitions of vulnerability have included exposure in addition to susceptibility to harm. However, it is now understood that exposure is separate to the ‘susceptibility’ element of vulnerability since it is possible to be exposed, whilst at the same time not susceptible to natural hazards. Despite some divergence over the meaning of vulnerability, most experts agree that understanding vulnerability requires more than analysing the direct impacts of a hazard. Vulnerability also concerns the wider environmental and social conditions that limit people and communities to cope with the impact of hazard (Birkmann, 2006).

8. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ? There are four (4) main types of vulnerability: 1. Physical Vulnerability: Meaning the potential for physical impact on the physical environment – which can be expressed as elements-at-risk (EaR). The degree of loss to a given EaR or set of EaR resulting from the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given magnitude and expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total damage)”. May be determined by aspects such l e v e l s , as popu l ation den s it y remot e ness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing (UNISDR).

9. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ? 2. Economic Vulnerability: The potential impacts of hazards on economic assets and processes (i.e. business interruption secondary effects such as increased poverty and job loss) Vulnerability of different economic sectors. The poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the resources to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place to protect themselves from being negatively impacted by disasters.

10. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ? 3. Social Vulnerability: Refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural values. It includes aspects related to levels of literacy and education, the existence of peace and security, access to basic human rights, systems of good governance, social equity, positive traditional values, customs and ideological beliefs and overall collective organizational systems (UNISDR). Exa m ple- W he n f l o o d i ng o c c u r s s o m e c i t i z e n s , s u c h a s c h i l d re n, e l d e rly a nd differently-able, may be unable to protect themselves or evacuate if necessary.

11. TYPES OR SECTORS OF VULNERABILITY ? 4. Environmental Vulnerability: Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of environmental vulnerability. Example: Wetlands, such as the Caroni Swamp, are sensitive to increasing salinity from sea water, and pollution from storm water runoff containing agricultural chemicals, eroded soils, etc.

12. WHY DOES VULNERABILITY MATTER? By including vulnerability in our understanding of disaster risk, we acknowledge the fact that disaster risk not only depends on the severity of hazard or the number of people or assets exposed, but that it is also a reflection of the susceptibility of people and economic assets to suffer loss and damage.

13. HOW DO WE REDUCE VULNERABILITY? Approaches to vulnerability reduction include: Implementing building codes Insurance and social protection (risk ) Emphasising economic diversity and resilient livelihoods Knowledge and awareness raising Preparedness measures

14. Cooperative and Group Learning Activity Activity #2 – Role Play Students will be grouped into four groups. Each group will select an element (physical, social, economic and environmental). They will present a role play that relates these elements to a particular hazard . Presentation of group outputs: Each group will be given 5 minutes to conceptualize and 5 minutes topresent their output and the teacher will see to it that each presentation is evaluated properly.

15. EVALUATIONN

16. ENRICHMENT Find an article in the newspaper that talks about hazards or other related issues. Determine if the elements that are exposed to a particular hazard is present or not present in the scenario. Make a reaction paper.

17. WHAT IS RISK ? The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular ac c o u nt o f t h e i r n a t u re , and p r o x i m i t y t o a h a za r d o us hazard , on cons t r u c t i on, area. Risk is a function of threats exploiting vulnerabilities to obtain , damage or destroy assets. Thus, threats (actual, conceptual, or inherent) may exist, but if there are no vulnerabilities then there is little/no risk .

18. KEY CONCEPT OFRISK Ha z ard Vulnerability x Disaster Risk Capacity =