Wardha Scheme of Basic Education : 1937.

With the help of our insightful PowerPoint presentation on the Wardha Scheme, explore the revolutionary period in Indian education. Discover the revolutionary ideas that gave rise to this educational framework during the Indian independence movement. Investigate the principles of Mahatma Gandhi and other influential personalities who influenced the Wardha Scheme, promoting an inclusive and comprehensive approach to education. Learn how this innovative educational system places a strong focus on self-sufficiency, community involvement, and practical skills. This presentation illuminates a significant period in India's educational history and is perfect for educators, history buffs, and individuals who are enthusiastic about educational reform. Discover the core of the Wardha Scheme and its enduring influence on the country's educational system.

1. INTRODUCTION Indians were dissatisfied of the Dyarchic system of governance of the Britishers. They were demanding an end to it . The leadership of the nation during that period was in the hands of gandhiji.He advised the provincial governments , in the newspaper of Aug.11,1937 to shoulder the responsibility of education of the children in the age group 7 to 14 years. Thereafter on, oct.2,1937 he wrote in Harijan that the primary education should be of 7 years and barring English all those subjects should be taught in it which are taught for the High school examination. At the same time the education of any craft or trade should be compulsory. A new educational revolution arose out of these ideas of Gandhiji in the country.

2. All India National Education Conference , Wardha The silver jubilee celebration of the ‘Marwari Shiksha Mandal’ was to be held on 22-23 Oct,1937 in Wardha. Srimannarayan Aggarwal was its organiser . Gandhiji suggested him to organize an education conference on this occasion. Srimannarayan Aggarwal invited the education ministers of all the seven Congress ministries , the top educationists of the country , thinkers and the national leaders on this occasion and organised an ‘All India National Education Conference.’ It is also termed as the Wardha Education Conference.

3. Addressing the conference, Gandhiji presented his educational ideas. He stated seven fundamental facts about the primary education. Free and compulsory education for the children in the age group 7 to 14 years. Education should be same for everyone. Education should be according to the needs of the rural people. Education should include language, mathematics etc. Mother tongue should be the medium . Education of agriculture and Indian handicrafts should be imparted in it . Education should be provided through some craft.

4. Dr.Zakir Hussain Committee, 1937 In order to give a final shape to the resolutions passed in the All India National Education Conference, Wardha, a committee was formed under the chairmanship of Dr.Zakir Hussain ,the then the Vice chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia University .This committee known as the Zakir Hussain Committee. This committee submitted its report in two parts.The first report was presented in Dec .1937. It defined the principles,curriculum ,administration and the supervision work of Wardha scheme. The second report was presented in April 1938. It enumerated the correlation between the basic handicrafts and other subjects of the curriculum.

5. PRINCIPLES Principle of free and compulsory education. Principle of Making education self-supporting. Principle of Truth ,Non-Violence and Sarvodaya. Principle of linking education with life. Principle of education through mother tongue. Principle of Craft centred education.

6. AIMS Physical and Mental education. Cultural development. Character and Moral development. Vocational development. Training in citizenship.

7. CURRICULUM Handicrafts and trade ( spinning, weaving , gardening, agriculture, book binding, fishery etc.). Mother tongue. Hindi. General mathematics. Social subjects. General science. Music. Fine arts . Physical education. Behaviour education.

8. TEACHING METHODS Activities and experiences are given more importance in Basic education. Opportunity is provided to the children to study the nature and to participate in social works . In this way they are provided opportunity to learn through their own experiences. In basic education, real knowledge is provided to the children through real activities of life. In basic education, the knowledge of mother-tongue is also provided in a natural way; first, language is taught orally ( listening-speaking ) thereafter written language is taught (reading –writing) . In basic education full opportunity is provided to the children for self-expression.

9. TEACHERS Dr.Zakir Hussain Committee placed emphasis upon appointing female teachers in place of male teachers at the primary level. At the same time it also emphasized that the primary teachers should atleast be matriculate and trained in teaching. TRAINING OF TEACHERS In the beginning two types of training was organised for the teachers of basic education , first, of three years training and second, of one year training. Three years training was meant for those who had no experience of teaching where as one year training was meant for those who had more than three years of teaching experience.

10. MERITS Self supporting scheme . Emphasis upon All round development of the children. Preparation for the real life. End of class differentiation. Mother tongue to be the medium of education. Basic curriculum for the indians .

11. DEMERITS Incomplete scheme . No link with higher education. Not suitable for the urban areas. Too much emphasis on crafts. Wastage of raw material. Wastage of time and energy.

12. Thank you