WASH General Concepts All people have safe and

All people have safe and equitable access to a sufficient quantity of water
for drinking, cooking and personal and domestic hygiene. Public water points
are sufficiently close to households to enable use of the minimum water
requirement.
Maximum distance
(dwelling ↔ nearest water point) <500 m
Queueing time 30 min
www.ifrc.org
Saving lives, changing minds.
Water and
Sanitation in
Asia Pacific
Water quality
Key considerations for selection of water
source: Water quality
Water is palatable and of sufficient quality to be drunk and used for cooking
and personal No faecal coliforms per 100ml of water at point of and domestic hygiene without causing risk to health
delivery and use
Protected/treated water sources preferred over
other readily available unprotected ones

1. WASH and Public Health EMERGENCY WASH TRAINING Susana Lardies, WASH Technical Advisor 19 th -23th Sep

2. WASH and Public Health WASH linked with Public Health risk/problems Water Related Diseases WASH Diseases Origin Preventive Strategies WASH Comprehensive Package WASH as Participative/Coordinated process With Who and Why Advantages/ Disadvantages Good and Bad Samples Key rules and guidelines 2

3. 1. WASH -Public Health Risk/Problems ‘842 000 diarrhoeal disease deaths per year which includes 361 000 deaths of children under age five’ Q: Name Water related diseases and origin 3

4. Water-borne related diseases include: Micro-organisms and chemicals in drinkable water; Diseases which have part of their lifecycle in water like parasite eggs which hatch in water ; Diseases like malaria with water-related vectors; 4 1. WASH -Public Health Risk/Problems

5. Most common : Anemia, Cholera, Dengue, Diarrhea, Hepatitis, Fluorosis, Malaria, Typhoid Others: Dracunculiasis , Ascariasis, Drowning, Lead Poisoning, Scabies, Trachoma, etc. No water-borne diseases: Skin Infection , dehydration, etc Note : it is becoming more popular in Indonesia the one transmitted by rats through the Urine. Leptospirosis. 5 1. WASH -Public Health Risk/Problems

6. Not enough water, Quantity No water availability No access to water Not drinkable water, Quality Soil/ Water characteristics itself External contamination: industry, human, etc Contamination during use Presence of insects (living in water), rodents (around solid or other type of waste) or any other animals diseases trans Not adequate or enough hygiene practices 6 1. WASH -Public Health Risk/Problems

7. 7 Q: Preventive Mechanism? 1. WASH -Public Health Risk/Problems

8. 8 1. WASH -Public Health Risk/Problems

9. 9 1. WASH -Public Health Risk/Problems

10. WASH Comprehensive Package 10

11. 2. WASH Comprehensive Package Q: Q: What can happen if there is no good comprehensive response? 11

12. 2. WASH Comprehensive Package LINK BETWEEN WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE PROMOTION 12 WATER SANITATION HYGIENE PROMOTION

13. FLIP CHART 13 2. WASH Comprehensive Package

14. 2. WASH Comprehensive Package Good water given but badly used: not enough hygiene Good water given but contaminated on the way. Water safe chain Good water not enough Enough water but bad quality Good water and enough but too far Good water and enough but not proper recipients Good water, enough, and good use but bad waste water management Good water but still skepticism so no use or bad use Perfect water and sanitation system but badly used Perfect water and sanitation system but not sustainable for the period expected Not suitable for the context and culture 14

15. 2. WASH Comprehensive Package To develop a comprehensive response it is necessary: To understand WASH solution as a complex network (beneficiaries as center). To pay detail attention to how some factors affect others. Areas are not isolated. Those links need to be clear during the assessment and will be determinant to decide and design the program. Exit plan is essential for any WASH response. Sustainability and appropriateness are the key characteristics of any solution given . 15

16. WASH Participative and Coordinated Process 16

17. WASH Participative and Coordinated Process Different stakeholders even each individual have different understanding and approaches to integration that is why best scenario for effective programs is to start with an integrated approach and carry this through the life of the programme 17

18. EXTERNAL Other agencies and structures: Other agencies (NGOs and UN) to promote a common approach to assessment and planning. Authorities: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water (Energy, Resources) and all the offices at lower levels: province, village, etc. WASH Cluster correspondence and information sharing. Emergency cells, groups which can be leaded by government, military or UN (Quarantine areas during Ebola in Sierra Leone) Other relevant coordination structures, such as Health, Education, Protection, Logistics or Shelter Clusters to promote informal networking and sharing of information. Through meetings and to maintain regular contact with these networks. With Partners: As a preferable option in complex emergencies which may differ according to humanitarian need, country context, country partnership strategy, stage of emergency etc. Preferable to identify and capacity build partners during non-acute-emergency phases. 18 WASH Participative and Coordinated Process

19. INTERNAL Between WASH teams : For Engineers and Promotors to work together effectively encouraging effective collaboration and communication, through: Joint needs assessments and analysis. Joint strategic and activity planning, including logistics (e.g. efficient transport planning). Co-ordinated presence in the field – avoid having multiple meetings with the same communities on the same day. With other internal departments : Finance, Logistics, Programme Support Functions Understand functions how they interact with WASH programs. Understand program budget, in particular the WASH activity budget, donors/sources of funds. 19 WASH Participative and Coordinated Process

20. 20 WASH Participative and Coordinated Process

21. Advantages : learn from others, avoid duplications and gaps, complement each-other (activities-resources), secondary data shared, more cost effective (sharing activities and resources like assessment, transport, staff, materials, equipment), cheaper cost (joint tender process, procurements, transport, inspection), bigger role/strength in front of the authorities, Disadvantages: opposite to the advantages plus: confusion, competitive environment. Most vulnerable will lose 21 WASH Participative and Coordinated Process

22. Good and bad samples Good: Mozambique: UNICEF, MSF, Oxfam well-coordinated and supportive (materials, equipment, experts Good: Guinea: ACF and CRS complementing each other with different expertise in same areas/activities Bad: Sierra Leone Ebola. Too much confusion and competence to get funding and activities Ethiopia: same affiliates applying to same funds gave bad image and confusion on the donor. Bad: lack of agreement on the incentives and implementing strategy (type of latrine and NFIs given) in Ethiopia raised problem between beneficiaries. Also in Ebola for quarantine areas . 22 WASH Participative and Coordinated Process

23. Key rules/guidelines Other agencies (NGOs and UN) to promote a common approach to assessment and planning, and to avoid duplication of resources. Authorities: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water (Energy, Resources) and all the offices at lower levels: province, village, etc. Also structures linked to national service and working for the government as for water service providers. WASH Cluster correspondence and information sharing. Also Health, Promotion clusters when required as well as any technical working group developed. Emergency cells, groups which can be leaded by government, military or UN (Quarantine areas during Ebola in Sierra Leone) Other relevant coordination structures, such as Health, Education, Protection, Logistics or Shelter Clusters to promote informal networking and sharing of information. Through meetings and to maintain regular contact with these networks. 23 WASH Participative and Coordinated Process

24. THANKS!! TERIMAKASIH! 24