WASTE.pptx

waste is unwanted things which need to collect, process, recycle and all.

1. WASTE MISS RAJOSI KHANRA M.Sc.NURSING 1ST YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use or it is worthless,defective and of no use. It is come from our homes, schools, colleges, hospitals,markets industries,agriculture and commercial places.

3. TYPES OF WASTES SOLID WASTE LIQUID WASTE GASEOUS WASTE

4. SOLID WASTE The unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas. In India 25-35 million tonnes of waste is generated everyday. It cannot be liquid or gaseous. Biodegradable Non- biodegradable BIODEGRADABLE: those can be decomposed by the natural processes and converted into the element form. Ex- agriculture waste, animal dung, food waste, papers etc. NON-BIODEGRADABLE: those cannot be decomposed and remain as such in environment and cause various health hazards. Ex- plastics, nuclear waste,metal, glass, ceramic.

5. SOLID WASTE PERCENTAGE OF PRODUCTION vegetables 72% paper 5% textiles 3% dust 12% Metals 0.5% glass 0.4% Miscellaneous 7.1%

6. 02 01 03 04 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE DOMESTIC WASTE Garbage Rubbish Ashes and dust AGRICULTURAL WASTE INDUSTRIAL WASTE Factory waste E-waste COMMERCIAL / MARKET WASTE

7. 01 CAUSES OF SOLID WASTE PRODUCTION

8. OVERPOPULATION INCREASED PRODUCTION & DECREASED CONSUMPTION ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

9. URBANIZATION LACK OF PUBLIC AWARENESS

10. RODENTS Plague, Salmonellosis, endemic typhus INSECTS Diarrhoea, bacillary dysentery, amoebic dysentery, cholera, malaria, dengue, Tuberculosis CHEMICALS Poisoning, skin infections, death

11. LIQUID WASTE Liquid waste can be defined as such liquids as wastewater,oils, grease, acids from mines, field water, industrial effluents. It is 2 types- A. Toxic B. Non- toxic Sources- a. Domestic: kitchen,bathroom b. Industrial c. City sources : washing streets, fields d. Sullage: wastewater without human excreta

12. GASEOUS WASTE Gaseous waste products are hazardous gases (organic or inorganic) that are extremely harmful both humans and the environment and produced from various sources like industries, Old refrigerators, vehicles. Gases contained by sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,ozone, methane. These are toxic and cause a variety of diseases like respiratory problems, cancer etc.

13. STORAGE OF WASTE GALVANIZED STEEL DUST BIN Close fitting cover for storing refuse. Size: 1/10-1/20 c.ft. PAPER SACK A recent innovation in western countries. Refuse is stored in paper bag and itself is removed. PUBLIC BIN Public bins for a large no. of people. It is handled and emptied mechanically by cranes.

14. MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE

15. COLLECTION TRANSPORTATION Solid waste management is the process of DISPOSAL of waste in a systemic, economic and hygiene manner .

16. COLLECTION OF WASTE DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION KERBSIDE COLLECTION COMMUNITY STORAGE POINT

17. TRANSPORT AND TRANSFER OF WASTE

18. METHODS OF DISPOSAL OPEN DUMPING/ BURIAL It is an easy method of disposal of waste. Solid waste is thrown into open areas or vacant plots. As a result, bacterial action causes the reduction in waste quantity and later on converted into humus. WHO experts commented, dumping is most insanitary method that creates public health hazards and severe pollution. Merits: 1. Cheapest method of disposal. 2. It is done in low lying areas. Demerits: 1. It causes landscape pollution. 2. Provides breeding place for files and mosquitoes. 3. Foul smells.

19. B. CONTROLLED TIPPING/ SANITARY LANDFILL solid waste is disposed of into a dug pit and is regularly covered with soil to avoid attracting disease vectors such as flies and rodents. Cover the material with at least 6 inches of soil at conclusion of each day’s operation and final cover of 2 ft when area is full. 3 methods are used- trench method, ramp method, area method.

20. TRENCH METHOD Where level ground is available. Dug out 2-3 m deep and 4-12 m wide. After refuse is compacted, covered with excavated earth. RAMP METHOD This method is used where the land has sloping. Some digging is required to have the covering material. AREA METHOD Method is used to fill the areas. Size: 30 cm thick 2-2.5 m deep

21. C. VOLUME REDUCTION METHODS INCINERATION Disposing hygienically by burning. It reduces vol. Of waste 20-30% of its original volume. It is method of choice where suitable land is not available. Hospital refuse is best for this method. Here solid wastes must be heated for 30-90 min. Liquid and gaseous waste for 2 sec.

22. 2. PYROLYSIS Pyrolysis is a useful process for treating organic materials that “crack” or decompose under the presence of heat. It is combustion inside chambers in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 165 degree F . 3. SHREDDING The shredded paper is compressed into bales and then sent to a recycling centre.

23. MECHANICAL METHODS It is type of waste disposal processing that combines a sorting facility with form of biological treatment such as anaerobic digestion. It is completed in 4-6 weeks . 2. BANGALORE METHODS Satisfactory method of disposal of town wastes and night soil. Trenches are dug 90 cm deep, 1.5-2.5 m broad and 4.5-10 m long. 1st layer: 15 cm thick at bottom 2nd layer: night soil is added corresponding to a thickness of 5 cm. 3rd layer: refuse and night soil are added in proportion of 15 cm and 5 cm . 4th layer: 25 cm thickness. After 7 days, heat (>60 degree celsius) is generated in compost mass. Intense heat persists over 2-3 weeks. After 4-6 months,decomposition is complete. D. COMPOSITING It is a method by which organic matter gets decomposed causing the formation of humus like material known as compost. The heat is produced during compositing 60 degree celsius or higher over a period of several days. End product is a good soil builder containing small amount of major plant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. Methods: 1. Bangalore method 2. Mechanical method

24. E. MANURE PITS The garbage,cattle dung,leaf should be dumped into pits and covered with earth after each day’s dumping. After 5-6 months the refuse is converted into manure.

25. METHODS OF WASTE UTILISATION RECLAMATION REUSE RECYCLE

26. THANK YOU!!