Water Chlorination

this powerpoint presentation explains the process and health risks of water chlorination

1. Water Chlorination Chemistry Project by Haya Faisal Al-Sineedi 8i

2. 1 Introduction to Chlorination This will cover the basics of chlorination 2 The Biochemistry of Chlorination These slides will be covering the chemical attributes of chlorine 3 The Process This section will answer the question, how do we chlorinate water? 4 The History of Chlorination This section will go over how scientists decades ago discovered this 5 Drawbacks Health concerns of chlorinating water 6 Hands on Experiment How can we chlorinate water at home? Table of Contents

3. Introduction to Chlorination 1 This will cover the basics of chlorination

4. Introduction to Chlorination Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds to water This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water Chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases  

5. Introduction to Chlorination While not all microorganisms are harmful to human health, there are some that may cause diseases in humans. These are called pathogens Pathogens can cause a waterborne disease in those who consume it  

6. Introduction to Chlorination Chlorination is one of many methods that can be used to disinfect water. This method was first used over a century ago and is still used today It is a chemical disinfection method that uses various types of chlorine or chlorine-containing substances for the oxidation and disinfection of what will be the potable water source  

7. The History of Chlorination 2 This section will go over how scientists decades ago discovered this

8. The History of Chlorination Chlorine was first discovered in Sweden in 1744  I t wasn't until 1893, Hamburg, Germany, that chlorine was found to be an effective tool for disinfecting  

9. The History of Chlorination England was the first to have its entire water supply treated with chlorine. Permanent water chlorination began in 1905, when a faulty slow sand filter and a contaminated water supply caused a serious typhoid fever epidemic in Lincoln, England. Alexander Cruickshank Houston used chlorination of the water to stop the epidemic.  

10. The Process 3 This section will answer the question, how do we chlorinate water?

11. The Process Shock Chlorination is usually used to purify water It is a process used in many swimming pools, water wells, springs, and other water sources Shock chlorination is performed by mixing a large amount of hypochlorite into the water.

12. The Process Water that is being shock chlorinated should not be swum in or drunk until the sodium hypochlorite count in the water goes down to three parts per million (PPM) or until the calcium hypochlorite count goes down to 0.2 from 0.35 PPM. That usually happens in less than an hour

13. The Biochemistry of Chlorination 4 These slides will be covering the chemical attributes of chlorine

14. The Biochemistry of Chlorination As a halogen, chlorine is a highly efficient disinfectant By far most Chlorine is manufactured from table salt (NaCl) by electrolysis The resulting gas is liquified at high pressure

15. The Biochemistry of Chlorination Chlorine kills via the oxidation of organic molecules Chlorine and hypochlorous acid are not charged and therefore easily penetrate the negatively charged surface of pathogens It can disintegrate the lipids that compose the cell wall and react with intracellular enzymes and proteins, making them nonfunctional Microorganisms then either die or are no longer able to multiply

16. Drawbacks 5 Health concerns of chlorinating water

17. Drawbacks Disinfection by chlorination can be problematic, in some circumstances Chlorine can react with naturally occurring organic compounds found in the water supply to produce DBPs The most common DBPs are trihalomethanes (THMs) and halo acetic acids (HAAs)

18. the risks to health from these by-products are extremely small in comparison with the risks associated with inadequate disinfection “ -World Health Organization (WHO)

19. Drawbacks 2 Types of THMs (bromoform and dibromochloromethane) are mainly responsible for health hazards Their effects depend strictly on the duration of their exposure to the chemicals and the amount ingested into the body

20. Drawbacks In high doses, bromoform mainly slows down regular brain activity, which is manifested by symptoms such as sleepiness or sedation. Chronic exposure to these compounds can cause liver and kidney cancer, as well as heart disease, unconsciousness, or death

21. Drawbacks There are also other concerns regarding chlorine, including its volatile nature which causes it to disappear too quickly from the water system, and organoleptic concerns such as taste and odor.

22. Drawbacks Dechlorinators A dechlorinator is a chemical additive that removes chlorine or chloramine from water. Where tap water is chlorinated, it should be dechlorinated before use in an aquarium, since chlorine can harm aquatic life in the same way it kills micro-organisms. Chlorine will kill fish, and cause damage to an aquarium's biological filter

23. Hands on Experiment 6 How can we chlorinate water at home?

24. Hands on Experiment This is a poster made by the CDC to help people that were affected by natural disasters The steps in the poster are the ones I am going to use in the application below  

25. Sources 7 This slide will show where the information was sourced from

26. Sources of Information Template By Slides Go Wikipedia: Water Chlorination SDTF: What is Chlorination?

27. Thank You!