Water_Cycle_ppt..ppt Civil and water Engineering

Water Civil Engineering Notes for Diploma students

1. THE WATER CYCLETHE WATER CYCLE
© Copyright 2007.  M. J. Krech.

The water cycle is the continuous The water cycle is the continuous
movement of water on, above, and below movement of water on, above, and below
the surface of the Earththe surface of the Earth

3. The Water CycleThe Water Cycle
WWater is constantly ater is constantly
being cycled between being cycled between
the atmosphere, the the atmosphere, the
ocean and land. This ocean and land. This
cycling is a very cycling is a very
important process that important process that
helps sustain life on helps sustain life on
Earth.
 
Earth.
 
Each part of
the cycle
drives the
other parts.

4. EvaporationEvaporation
Evaporation is Evaporation is
the process the process
where a liquid, where a liquid,
in this case in this case
water, changes water, changes
from its liquid from its liquid
state to a state to a
gaseous state.gaseous state.

5. EvaporationEvaporation
Some of the Some of the
water in the water in the
oceans and oceans and
freshwater freshwater
bodies, such bodies, such
as lakes and as lakes and
rivers, is rivers, is
warmed by warmed by
the sun and the sun and
evaporates.evaporates.

6. EvaporationEvaporation
During the process During the process
of evaporation, of evaporation,
impurities in the impurities in the
water are left water are left
behind. As a result, behind. As a result,
the water that goes the water that goes
into the into the
atmosphere is atmosphere is
cleaner than it was cleaner than it was
on Earth.
 
on Earth.
 

7. CondensationCondensation
Condensation Condensation
is the is the
opposite of opposite of
evaporation. evaporation.
Condensation Condensation
occurs when a occurs when a
gas is gas is
changed into changed into
a liquid.a liquid.

8. CondensationCondensation
When the water When the water
droplets formed droplets formed
from from
condensation are condensation are
very small, they very small, they
remain remain
suspended in the suspended in the
atmosphere. atmosphere.

9. CondensationCondensation
These These
millions of millions of
droplets of droplets of
suspended suspended
water form water form
clouds in clouds in
the sky or the sky or
fog at fog at
ground ground
level.level.

10. PrecipitationPrecipitation
When the When the
temperature and temperature and
atmospheric atmospheric
pressure are right, pressure are right,
the small droplets the small droplets
of water in clouds of water in clouds
form larger form larger
droplets and droplets and
precipitation precipitation
occurs. The occurs. The
raindrops fall to raindrops fall to
Earth.
 
Earth.
 

11. Surface RunoffSurface Runoff
Much of the Much of the
water that water that
returns to Earth returns to Earth
as precipitation as precipitation
runs off the runs off the
surface of the surface of the
land, and flows land, and flows
downhill into downhill into
streams, rivers, streams, rivers,
ponds and lakes.ponds and lakes.

12. Surface RunoffSurface Runoff
Small Small
streams flow streams flow
into larger into larger
streams, streams,
then into then into
rivers, and rivers, and
eventually eventually
the water the water
flows into flows into
the ocean.
 
the ocean.
 

13. Surface RunoffSurface Runoff
Surface runoff is Surface runoff is
an important part an important part
of the water cycle of the water cycle
because, through because, through
surface runoff, surface runoff,
much of the water much of the water
returns again to returns again to
the oceans, where the oceans, where
a great deal of a great deal of
evaporation evaporation
occurs.
 
occurs.
 

14. Percolation is an Percolation is an
important process important process
where rain water where rain water
soaks into soaks into
(infiltrates) the (infiltrates) the
ground, into the ground, into the
soil and underlying soil and underlying
rock layers. rock layers.
Percolation Percolation (Infiltration)(Infiltration)

15. Some of this Some of this
water water
ultimately ultimately
returns to returns to
the surface the surface
at springs or at springs or
in low spots in low spots
downhill. downhill.
Percolation Percolation (Infiltration)(Infiltration)

16. Percolation (Infiltration)Percolation (Infiltration)
& Surface Runoff& Surface Runoff

17. Percolation Percolation (Infiltration)(Infiltration)
Some of the water Some of the water
percolatespercolates
underground underground
and is called and is called
groundwatergroundwater ..
 

 

18. GroundwaterGroundwater
As the water As the water
moves through moves through
the soil and the soil and
rock layers, rock layers,
many of the many of the
impurities in impurities in
the water are the water are
filtered out. filtered out.
This filtering This filtering
process helps process helps
clean the water. clean the water.

19. GroundwaterGroundwater
Water moves Water moves
into caves into caves
formed by formed by
carbonation, carbonation,
forming many forming many
other other KarstKarst
features.features.

20. TranspirationTranspiration
One final One final
process is process is
important in the important in the
water cycle. As water cycle. As
plants absorb plants absorb
water from the water from the
soil, the water soil, the water
moves from the moves from the
roots through roots through
the stems to the the stems to the
leaves. leaves.

21. TranspirationTranspiration
Once the water Once the water
reaches the reaches the
leaves, some of leaves, some of
it evaporates it evaporates
from the leaves, from the leaves,
adding to the adding to the
amount of amount of
water vapor in water vapor in
the air. the air.

22. TranspirationTranspiration
This process of This process of
evaporation evaporation
through plant through plant
leaves is called leaves is called
transpirationtranspiration. In . In
large forests, an large forests, an
enormous amount enormous amount
of water will of water will
transpire through transpire through
leaves.
 
leaves.
 

23. EvaporationEvaporation
And we’re back And we’re back
to to EvaporationEvaporation
again! The again! The
endless cycle of endless cycle of
water moving water moving
through our through our
planet goes on planet goes on
and on and and on and
on…on…

24. The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Condensation Condensation
transpiration, transpiration,
precipitation and all precipitation and all
the othersthe others are part of are part of
the water cyclethe water cycle, ,
a complex process a complex process
that not only gives that not only gives
us water to drink us water to drink
and food to eat, but and food to eat, but
also the weather also the weather
patterns that help patterns that help
grow our crops.
 
grow our crops.
 

25. WATERWATER
Water is an Water is an
integralintegral part of part of
life on this planet.life on this planet.

26. THE ENDTHE END
1.Why is clean water
important to you?
2. How does the water
cycle contribute to
clean water?