Water footprint

Each and every process for our daily needs require either direct or indirect usage of water.
misuse of water is now a global issue,
To measure the amount of water contained in each product or processes, water foot print was introduced in 2002, by Dr. Arjen Hoekstra from water footprint network (WFN).

1. a.M.H.D AMARATHUNGA Department of fisheries University of jaffna 2015/SB/055 1 12/12/2019

2. content Introduction Type of water footprint Water footprint assessment Calculation of water footprint Importance of water footprint Importance of water footprint to the fishery How to reduce your water footprint Conclusion references 2 12/12/2019

3. introduction Freshwater is vital to the life on the earth. With the expansion of world’ population, so the use of water grows, as it directly proportionated with the population expansion. Everything we wear, buy, eats, sells, drinks or use requires water to make them at any single stage on their production. This is known as virtual water, or the hidden flow of water. 3 12/12/2019

4. Each and every process for our daily needs require either direct or indirect usage of water. misuse of water is now a global issue, To measure the amount of water contained in each product or processes, water foot print was introduced in 2002 , by Dr. Arjen Hoekstra from water footprint network (WFN). 12/12/2019 4 DR. ARJEN HOEKSTRA

5. The main aim of this concept is to having a consumption-based indicator of water usage, that could provide useful information in addition to the traditional production sector-based indicators of water use. This concept is analogues to the ecological footprint concept introduced in 1990s. It can be applied for a single or multiple of processes, Example : growing paddy, production process of pair of shoes fuel consumption of a car. 12/12/2019 5

6. More importantly it also accounts for the amount of water contaminated during manufacturing and production, and also the amount of water wasted. Impacts from anthropogenic effects and climate change have already led to changes in the water cycle. According to the scientists’ global demand for water supply will be outstripped by 40%, by the year 2030. A water footprint is measured in terms of water consumed, evaporated or polluted. Which it refers to either direct or indirect usage of water. 12/12/2019 6

7. The water footprint can be splits into three corresponding categories. Blue water footprint Green water footprint Gary water footprint Those components assure the water footprint includes and evaluates the water consumption, rain water, and the volume of fresh water required for assimilation of pollutants, individually. 12/12/2019 7

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9. Blue water footprint – “the amount of water that has been sourced from open water or sub-surface water resources and is either evaporated, encompasses into a product or taken from one body of water and returned to a different source of water, or returned at varying time. Irrigated agriculture industry and domestic water is relevant to this.” (Arjen., 2017) Blue water is the water in our surface and groundwater reservoirs, and in irrigated agriculture systems it is subjected to maintain evaporation. 12/12/2019 9

10. Green water footprint – “the amount of water from precipitation that is stored in the root zone of the soil and evaporated, transpired or incorporated by plants. It is specifically applicable for agricultural, horticultural and forestry products”. (Arjen., 2017). Green water is the amount of rain water consumed during a production process. This is relevant for agricultural and forestry products. 12/12/2019 10

11. Gray water footprint – “the amount of freshwater required to dilute the pollutants to meet specific water quality standards. The gray water footprint evaluates the point source pollution discharged to a freshwater resource directly through a pipe or indirectly through runoff or leaching from the soil. Impervious surfaces or other dispense resources.” (Arjen., 2017). Gray water is the amount of fresh water needed to added to the polluted water to make it meet with consumption requirements . 12/12/2019 11

12. Water footprint assessment. Water footprint assessment has a four-stages of assessment cycle which calculates and survey green, blue and gray water footprints. These stages assesses the sustainability, efficiency and equability of water use and identifies which strategic actions should be taken in order to make water footprint sustainable. goals and scope accounting sustainability assessment response formulation 12/12/2019 12

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14. Goals and scope – a water footprint assessment initiates with defining of goals and possibility of the water footprint study. Accounting – once the first step is achieved, the data are collected to calculate the footprint of relevant process of study. Data will be collected from locally or may be taken from data bases. According to an assessment manual data will be evaluated and the water footprint can be measured in cubic meters per ton of production, per hectare per cropland, per unit of currency and in other functional units. 12/12/2019 14

15. Sustainability assessment – process of assessing whether water is environmentally sustainable, resource efficient and equitably allocated. Response formulation – using the results of previously followed steps, response strategies that reduce the water footprint and improve its sustainability can be prioritized for implementation. 12/12/2019 15

16. Calculation of water footprint Water footprint is often expressed by cubic meters per year per capita. The total water foot print is the sum of green water footprint, blue water footprint and gray water footprint. Example – water footprint of a product is equal to the sum of blue, gray and green footprints of the production process of the product.   12/12/2019 16

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18. Importance of water foot print Freshwater is a scarce resource, and it already exceeds the sustainability levels. Freshwater resource is unevenly distributed throughout the world. Water footprint will help to how we can achieve a more sustainable and more equitable use of fresh water, by setting up goals towards the water security. (OtilijaMISeCKAITE1*, 2017) it can provide individual aspects to maximize the water consumption efficiency. 12/12/2019 18

19. Importance of water footprint to the fishery Unlike land – based sources of protein, marine fish production requires little to no freshwater. According to a research by Dr. Jessica Gephart and her team they found that, if everyone in the world replaces the amount of fish that they currently eat with ‘terrestrial protein’ it would require additional 92 trillion gallons of freshwater per year for human consumption. 12/12/2019 19

20. But with the aquaculture practices this point may be vary, because of feeding of freshwater fishes with terrestrial fish feed. It may pollute the water and hence water footprint become increased. 12/12/2019 20

21. Why we need to save water As water is our main component in our body water is essential for our survival. Save water to save earth. 12/12/2019 21

22. How to reduce your water footprint In your closet Use sustainably manufactured products In gardening or in Agri culturing Water in the evening to reduce the loss Around home Fix any leaky water taps Only run full loads of laundry and dishes at a time Use water saving devices on your sinks and showers 12/12/2019 22

23. In aquaculture Use raceways like, recirculating aquaculture practices to culture the fish, it will not only reduce the production water foot print, but it also gives high yields. In your diet Terrestrial animal products consume higher amounts of water than marine fishes. Replace your terrestrial meat with marine fish diet which having higher amount of protein than terrestrial animal products. 12/12/2019 23

24. conclusion Water footprint provide an ideal sustainable measurement to conserve the freshwater. concept is ideal as every one can have an idea how much amount of water is polluted and wasted by individually, hence it can set to individual goals to conserve water. fisheries have both negative and positive impacts towards the sustainable water footprint. However, by using water footprint as a measuring unit we can further increase the product efficiency by reusing the same water resource gain and again with treating the polluted water with necessary treatments. 12/12/2019 24

25. 12/12/2019 25 References Anon., 2014. SAVE FISHERIES, SAVE WATER, s.l.: https://watercalculator.org. Anon., 2016. frequently asked questions , s.l.: https://waterfootprint.org. Anon., 2017. What is water footprint?, s.l.: Water footprint calculator. Anon., 2018. Save Water: Reduce Your Water Footprint, s.l.: https://en.reset.org. ArjenY. Hoekstra, A. M., 2009. Water Footprint Manual. November. Hoekstra, A., n.d. A Comprehensive Introduction to Water Footprints, s.l.: www.waterfootprint.org. Joe P Rozza1, B. D. R. W. M. L. T. R. K. V. &. P. B., 2013. Corporate Water Stewardship: Achieving a Sustainable Balance. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 3(ISSN 1925-4725 E-ISSN 1925-4733 ). M. Pahlow a, P . V . O. B. M. M. A. A. H. A., 2015. Increasing pressure on freshwater resources due to terrestrial feed ingredients for aquaculture production. www.elsvire.com/locate/scitotenv, pp. 87-857. Mariusz KRUCZEK a, D. B.-K., 2014. WATER FOOTPRINT SIGNIFICANCE IN STEEL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT. OtilijaMISeCKAITEH . S., 2017. WATER FOOTPRINT OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN LITHUANIA. October.

26. Thank you 12/12/2019 26