Water injection .pptx systems and analysis

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1. Water injection Submitted to : Prof . Dr. Mohamed Ghareeb & Dr. Waleed Under supervision of : Eng. Mahmoud Mohamed Student's Name : Abanoub Ibrahem Nassif Techniques used for oil recovery systems

2. Content Primary Recovery Secondary recovery Waterflooding Gas injection Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) The EOR methods

3. Primary Recovery Primary oil recovery is the first phase, which happens once a well has been drilled from the surface to an underground reserve. Gravity, along with the pressure inside the reservoir, forces the oil into the wellbore. In crude oil production, various methods of primary recovery can be used Typically, the primary recovery process involves placing increased pressure on the oil within wells in order to force oil to the surface You can extract from the total tank about 10 to 20% From here, the oil is brought to the surface through mechanical means, (rod pumps used). The primary phase of oil recovery continues until the pressure inside the well is no longer enough to produce oil in quantities that make it financially worthwhile

4. When reservoir pressure drops and cannot support the weight of column and losses in the line When economic production rates cannot be achieved by natural drive and energy of the reservoir. To compensate for the lack of natural energy in these formations, the wells artificial lift (AL) systems. when the pressure from natural reservoir drive decreases to the point where the well stops producing. Primary recovery types

5. This recovery is conducted by adding extra energy into reservoir for instant gas injection, water flood, etc. The extra energy is used to maintain reservoir pressure so a reservoir can produce effectively and yield more of a recovery factor. this initial pressure is limited. The pressure must be maintained by other ways in order to continue collecting the oil. These strategies are known as secondary recovery procedures. Secondary recovery techniques are becoming increasingly essential in oil and gas development since using them can result in a wellbeing up to 40% more productive than using only primary methods. S econdary recovery The two most frequent secondary recovery strategies. Waterflooding Gas injection

6. Waterflooding Water injection/flooding is used in the production of oil where high pressure water is injected into the oil reservoir to increase pressure to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir. Water injection/flooding wells can be found both on- and offshore. The injected water pressurizes the reservoir and displaces the oil, pushing it towards a well. Typically, 30% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted using well pressure, but water injection increases this recovery factor percentage and maintains the production rate of a reservoir over a longer period.

7. How does waterflooding work Water injection in oil wells involves the following steps: Injection wells are first drilled close to the producing well to be remediated. (An injection well is a well that is designed to channel water or other fluid into the surrounding formation in close proximity of a producing well to stimulate hydrocarbon production or for fluid disposal purposes). Produced water or treated water is pumped into the formation under high pressure. Tests may be carried out to ensure that the produced water to be injected is compatible with the formation, therefore the water may be treated to remove fine particles that might clog the well and oxygen that encourages the growth of bacteria. The pressurized fluid exerts a sweeping force that ‘mops up’ existing hydrocarbon from hard-to-reach areas in the formation, driving the products toward a nearby producing well for collection via a production casing

8. Injecting water into the reservoir does two things: It expands the tank's capacity. Directing the oil toward the producing wells. The flooding's purpose Increasing the amount of oil taken from the reservoir by : Keep tank pressure constant. sweeping (displacing) oil with water Waterflooding

9. Gas injection A form of secondary production, gas injection is used on a well to enhance waning pressure within the formation. Systematically spread throughout the field Gas injection wells are in operation where it is essential that all or part of the produced gas be reinjected for pressure maintenance gas-injection wells are used to inject gas and effectively sweep the formation for remaining petroleum, boosting production.

10. Gas injection Gas Injection is an enhanced oil recovery method. Inert gases, typically nitrogen or carbon dioxide get pumped into an injection well. This creates higher pressure that filters through the reservoir formation and pushes hydrocarbons out from low pressure, or isolated areas. Sometimes, depending on the hydrocarbon mix, gas that has been pumped from the well gets pumped back down into it. Injecting it back, reduces or eliminates the need for flaring and is a more environmentally conscious action. In other instances, the gas will be injected into the gas cap of the primary well head. an injection of gas into the reservoir helps to maintain pressure that depletes as the levels do

11. Tertiary recovery, also known as enhanced oil recovery, refers to several techniques of increasing oil recovery. For instance, stream injection, carbon dioxide injection, polymer injection This recovery may alter the characteristics of the rock or introduce non-reservoir gas to improve the efficiency of the final oil recovered. This category does not include normal water or reservoir gas injection. This is often done after the secondary recovery. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

12. There are different EOR methods such as Thermal Injection Miscible Gas Injection Chemical Injection Microbial EOR The EOR methods

13. The EOR methods Thermal Method This method involves the addition of thermal energy or heat into the reservoir in order to increase the temperature of the residual oil, subsequently lowering the viscosity of the oil and therefore enhance its mobility and ability to flow through the reservoir. Popular thermal methods are : Steam (or hot water) injection In situ combustion

14. The EOR methods 2- Miscible Gas Flooding This method is performed by gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). In this process the gas injected will expand in the reservoir and therefore displaces part of the oil to the producing wellbore. Some gases also tend to dissolve in the oil in order to reduce its viscosity and enhance the mobility of the oil. The main mechanisms behind this technique are: Generation of miscibility Swelling of the crude oil Lowering of the oil viscosity

15. The EOR methods 3- Chemical injection This technique involves the use of long-chained molecules called polymers as well as detergent-like surfactants and alkaline as the displacing fluid. Surfactants would be added to the displacing solution in order to lower the interfacial tension between oil and water. Popular types of Chemical EOR are: Surfactant flooding Polymer Flooding Alkaline Flooding Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding (ASP)

16. The EOR methods 4- Microbial EOR the microbes tend to react with a carbon source such as oil in order to produce surfactant, polymers or gases such as CO2, N2 and H2. The mechanisms behind the recovery of oil in this particular type of EOR are those of classic chemical methods which involve the lowering of interfacial tension, change in wettability, reduction of mobility ratio and oil viscosity.