water pumping machinery for students .pptx

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1. Water Pumping Machinery Group 4

2. Reporters Riochel Diana Lanz Fatima Bryan

3. is a device that lifts liquid from the ground to the higher surface or from one location to another. A water pump, according to Team (2021), is a device that boosts water pressure so that it may be moved from one location to another. Water pumps are said to be one of the most ancient and widely used equipment. It is generally powered by a rotational or reciprocating device that uses energy to move fluid from one location to another. Pump

4. In distribution systems, a variety of pumps are employed. Low-lift pumps elevate surface water and deliver it to a nearby treatment facility. At low discharge pressures, these pumps convey massive volumes of water. Pumps that discharge water into artery networks are known as high-lift pumps. They are more stressed at work. Booster pumps are pumps that raise water into a high storage tank or improve distribution system pressure. Water is drawn out from the ground by well pumps and delivered to a distribution system.

5. Bernoulli's equation may be used to link various fluid energies and for incompressible fluids at any point along a streamline. Where : v = fluid speed p = pressure z = elevation above a reference plane ρ = density at a point  

6. The total pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the pump can be expressed as: Where: v = fluid speed = static pressure difference z = change in elevation above a reference plane ρ = density at a point g = gravitational acceleration  

7. Additionally, the efficiency of the pump is defined as the ratio of the power applied to the fluid by the pump to the power given to the pump and can be calculated using: Where: Q= volume fluid flow rate (m 3 /s) p = change in pressure P = power   Its value is not constant for a specific pump and is a function of the discharge rate and operating head (H) and can be calculated using:    

8. TYPES OF PUMP (a) Dynamic Pump   Rotodynamic (dynamic) pumps are a form of velocity pump that increases the flow velocity to add kinetic energy to the fluid. This increase in energy is translated to a gain in potential energy when the velocity is lowered before or as the flow leaves the discharge line (pressure). This shift of kinetic energy to pressure is defined by the First Law of Thermodynamics, or more accurately, Bernoulli's principle.

9. Dynamic pumps are unique in that they may safely operate with closed valves (for short periods ). Dynamic pumps have a number of advantages, including compact sizes, the need for little space for installation, lower costs, easier maintenance than positive displacement pumps, the ability to regulate low to medium viscosity liquids, and the ability to function with low to medium head.  

10. These pumps are classified into various types which are the following: ( i ) Centrifugal Pump These are the world's most commonly used pumps. These pumps are long-lasting, efficient, and cost-effective to manufacture. The fluid pressure between the pump's input and output rises while it works, and the fluid is subsequently propelled throughout the system by the change in pressure.

11. The mechanical power of the motor is transferred to the fluid through the revolving impeller, which creates greater force. The operational cycle of the pump begins with fluid entering the suction section and being directed to the channel of the impellers.  

12. Pumps are commonly used in agriculture to carry water from a water source, such as a river, dam, or well, to a point of usage or storage, such as a water tank or irrigation system, via pipes. Centrifugal pumps are used in a wide range of commercial, home, and industrial applications. Multiple firms in the Philippines produce centrifugal pumps, which come in a variety of variants. The cost of a centrifugal pump varies from $2,500 to $23,000, depending on the model and kind.

13. Some examples of centrifugal pump use are: Water supply for residential areas Sewage/slurry disposal Fire protection systems Food and beverage manufacturing Oil and gas industrial operations Chemical manufacturing

14. Radial, axial, and mixed centrifugal pumps are the three main types. A radial centrifugal pump's liquid channel may be pushed outward. The pumped pressure flow leaves via downstream piping. This pump creates flow that is 90 degrees’ perpendicular to the shaft. The lifting force of the impeller vanes is used to move fluid in axial pumps, also known as propeller pumps. It creates water flow in the direction of the impeller shaft. Finally, a mixed flow pump produces a conical flow pattern around the shaft by combining axial and radial flow.  

15. Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump are:   Impeller The impeller of a centrifugal pump is a rotating component with vanes or blades that conveys energy from the pump's motor to the fluid being pushed by propelling it outwards from the center of rotation. These components are required for energy conversion from a source. Impellers are divided into three categories based on their speed, design, and vanes positioning.

16.     Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump are: Casing - The casing is the shell that protects and supports the components. The casing of a pump plays a crucial role in avoiding leaks and maintaining pressure by receiving and slowing the flow rate of the fluid pushed by the impeller. The two most frequent types of casing are volutes and diffusers. A volute is a curved funnel that grows in diameter as it approaches the discharge point.

17. Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump Suction pipe with a foot valve and strainer - A suction pipe is a pipe that has one end connected to the pump's input and the other end dipped into the water. A foot valve is situated at the end of a pipeline in a suction lift operation. The foot valve is a one-way valve that only opens upwards. They have a strainer on their open end that acts as a check valve, filtering out any unwanted particles in the water and preventing the centrifugal pump from clogging.  

18. Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump Delivery pipe - This pipe has one end that connects to the pump output and the other end that delivers water at a set height. To regulate the flow from the pump into the delivery line, a valve is put near the pump's exit on the delivery pipe.  

19. (ii) Vertical Centrifugal Pumps Vertical centrifugal pumps are sometimes known as cantilever pumps. These pumps feature a unique shaft and maintenance design that allows the volume to fall into the pit since the bearings are on the outside of the pit. This pump type uses a throttle bushing instead of a whole container to enclose the shaft. Parts washers typically utilize this type of pump.

20. The vertical pump is driven by a diesel engine or an AC electric induction motor and works on the principle of perfect angle driving. When fluid enters the pump by a suction bell, the vertical pumps function. The fluid next enters the main stage impeller, which raises the velocity of the fluid. The fluid then passes through the impeller and into the diffuser bowl, where its high kinetic energy is converted into high pressure. In the case of a multistage pump, the fluid from the bowl next enters a secondary impeller placed directly above the bowl. When the fluid supply is redirected away from the preceding diffuser bowl, it travels to the exterior through a long vertical column. Pumps like this are used for pipeline pressure booster, chemical transfer, boiler feed water piping system, and to lift seawater.  

21. Vertical Centrifugal Pumps

22. (iii) Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps - These pumps have at least two, if not more, impellers. These pumps are used to offer pumping services. Every action serves as a manifold pump. - The stages are all housed in the same bunker with the same shaft. At least eight further stages can be inserted on separate horizontal shafts. The head improves by roughly the same amount with each level. Centrifugal pumps are simple to operate due to their dynamic balance and lack of vibration. Pipe installation takes very little space and produces little noise if everything is aligned correctly within the tolerance limit. It is also easy to maintain and easy to replace the bearings.

23. Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps

24. PAES 114 : 2000 Agricultural Machinery – Centrifugal Pump – Specifications 3 Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply: 3.1 capacity discharge at maximum efficiency 3.2 centrifugal pump type of pump with impellers rotating inside a closed casing which draws water into the pump through a central inlet opening and forces water out through a discharge outlet at the periphery of the housing by means of centrifugal force (Figure 1)

25. PAES 114 : 2000

26. PAES 114 : 2000 3.2.1 diffuser pump turbine pump type of centrifugal pump wherein the impeller is surrounded by diffuser vanes NOTE The diffuser vanes have small openings near the impeller and enlarge gradually to their outer diameter where the water flows into the chamber and around to the pump discharge . 3.2.2 volute pump type of centrifugal pump with a casing made in the form of a spiral or volute curve NOTE The casing is proportioned to reduce gradually the velocity of water as it flows from the impeller to the discharge, thus changing velocity head to pressure head.

27. PAES 114 : 2000 3.3 head quantity used to express a form (or combination of forms) of the energy content of the liquid per unit weight of the liquid referred to any arbitrary datum 3.4 net positive suction head required (NPSHR) performance characteristic required of the pump and is the NPSH at the pump inlet NOTE It is the statement of the minimum suction conditions required to prevent cavitation.

28. PAES 114 : 2000 3.5 pump device used to lift or transfer water from one source to another 3.6 pump efficiency ( ηp ) ratio of the power output to the power input of the pump 3.7 priming filling up the pump with water to displace or evacuate the entrapped air through a vent and create a liquid seal inside the casing 3.8 shaft power power required to drive the pump shaft NOTE It is the input power to the pump.

29. PAES 114 : 2000 3.9 water power theoretical power required for pumping NOTE It is the head and capacity of the pump expressed in kilowatt. 4 Classification The classification of centrifugal pumps shall be based on the following: 4.1 Type of energy conversion 4.1.1 Volute 4.1.2 Diffuser or turbine 4.2 Type of Impellers (Figure 2) 4.2.1 Open It is used to pump water with considerable amount of small solids. 4.2.2 Semi-open or semi-enclosed It is used to pump water having some amount of suspended sediments.

30. PAES 114 : 2000 4.2.3 Enclosed It is designed to pump clear water.

31. PAES 114 : 2000 4.3 Type of suction inlets (Figure 3) 4.3.1 Single suction A single suction type of pump has an impeller which has suction cavity on one side. 4.3.2 Double suction A double suction type of pump has an impeller which has suction cavity on both sides.

32. PAES 114 : 2000

33. PAES 114 : 2000 4.4 Axis of rotation 4.4.1 Horizontal A horizontal centrifugal pump has a vertical impeller mounted on a horizontal shaft. 4.4.2 Vertical A vertical centrifugal pump has a horizontal impeller mounted on a vertical shaft. 4.5 Method of priming 4.5.1 Non-self-priming Non-self-priming pump is one that needs to be manually primed. The system has to be filled initially by pouring water into the pipes from a bucket and thereafter the foot valve will keep water in the system even after the pump is not used for some time.

34. PAES 114 : 2000 4.5.2 Self-priming Self-priming pump is one that develops a vacuum sufficiently enough for atmospheric pressure to force the liquid to flow through the suction pipe into the pump casing without priming the pump . 5 Performance Requirements The centrifugal pump when tested in accordance with PAES 115 shall conform to the following requirements: 5.1 Performance curve, which shows the head, efficiency, NPSHR, and the power, plotted against discharge at specified shaft speed, shall be provided.

35. PAES 114 : 2000 5.2 The capacity and total head at maximum efficiency and rated shaft speed, as claimed by the manufacturer shall be attained. 6 Other Requirements 6.1 The centrifugal pump shall be designed for easy maintenance. Major parts such as casing components and bearing housings (shouldered or doweled) shall have accurate alignment on reassembly.

36. PAES 114 : 2000 6.2 The rotating components shall be dynamically balanced. 6.3 The pump shall be designed to permit removal of the impeller, shaft seal and bearing assembly without disturbing the inlet and outlet flange connection. 6.4 Radial bearings shall be of standard available design (ball, roller, sleeve or pivoted shoe). 6.5 Sealed type bearing shall be used or the bearing housing shall be sealed, to prevent the entry of contaminants and the escape of lubricant under the normal operating conditions.

37. PAES 114 : 2000 6.6 Bearing housing shall preferably be arranged so that bearings and seal can be easily replaced without disturbing pump drive and mounting. 6.6 Shafts shall be of ample size and of appropriate stiffness to: 6.6.1 Transmit the prime mover rated power. 6.6.2 Ensure satisfactory packing or seal performance. 6.6.3 Minimize wear and the risk of seizure.

38. PAES 114 : 2000 6.6.4 Take due consideration of static and dynamic radial thrust 7 Workmanship and Finish 7.1 Castings shall be free of shrink holes, blowholes, cracks, scale, blisters and other similar injurious defects. The surface of castings shall be cleaned by sandblasting, shot blasting , pickling or any other standard method. All mold-parting fins and remains of gates and risers shall be chipped, filed, or ground flush .

39. PAES 114 : 2000 7.2 Shaft shall be machined and properly finished throughout their length. 8 Warranty for Construction and Durability 8.1 Warranty against defective materials and workmanship shall be provided for parts and services except on consumable maintenance parts such as seals, within six (6) months from the purchase of the pump.

40. PAES 114 : 2000 8.2 The construction shall be rigid and durable without breakdown of its major components (i.e. casing, impeller, shaft, etc ) within six (6) months from purchase by the first buyer . 9 Maintenance and Operation 9.1 Each centrifugal pump unit shall be provided with the following basic hand tools suchas two (2) pieces open wrenches of appropriate sizes and one (1) piece adjustable wrench for repair and maintenance .

41. PAES 114 : 2000 9.2 An operator’s manual, which conforms to PAES 102, shall be provided. 10 Sampling Centrifugal pumps shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103 . 11 Test Method The sampled centrifugal pumps shall be tested for performance in accordance with PAES 115.

42. PAES 114 : 2000 12 Marking and Labeling Each pump shall be marked with the following information using a plate, stencil or by directly punching it at the most conspicuous place: 12.2.1 Registered trademark of the manufacturer 12.2.2 Brand 12.2.3 Model 12.2.4 Type and size 12.2.5 Serial number

43. PAES 114 : 2000 12.2.6 Production date (optional) 12.2.7 Name and address of manufacturer 12.2.8 Name and address of the importer, if imported (optional) 12.2.9 Country of manufacture (if imported) / “Made in the Philippines” (if manufactured in the Philippines ) 12.2.10 Maximum efficiency 12.2.11 Discharge at maximum efficiency (Capacity) 12.2.12 Total head at maximum efficiency

44. PAES 114 : 2000 12.2.13 Rated shaft speed 12.2.14 Input/Shaft power 12.2.15 Safety/precautionary markings

45. (iv) Submersible Pumps is one in which the entire system is submerged in liquid, including the pump and motor. This type of pump has a hermetically sealed motor that is near to the pump body When the pump is submerged, positive fluid pressure occurs at the intake because less energy is required to propel the fluid along the pump's liquid path, increasing efficiency. These pumps are known by several names, including stormwater , sewage, and septic pumps. The most popular applications for these pumps include building services , home, industrial, commercial, rural, municipal, and stormwater recycling.

46. Submersible Pump

47. Main components of submersible pumps are: Submersible Pump Check Valve - The depth of the pump setting in the well determines the location and quantity of check valves required for a system. One check valve on the pump discharge and one on the well surface are required for installations of 200 feet or less. Multiple check valves may be required at depths of 200 feet or more.

48. 3. Easy Tie Adapters - Easy tie adapters thread into the discharge on the submersible pumps’ check valve and into poly riser pipe. A second adapter can be put into the well head's pitless adapter and then connected to the poly riser pipe. In the event of a pipe failure, the lug with a hole, also known as the rope eye , provides a convenient way to tie the safety rope or cable, as well as the submersible pump, to the well head. Bronze and stainless steel options are available.   4. Clamps - Hose clamps are used to secure poly pipe to barbed insert fittings, resulting in a watertight, pull-off-proof connection

49. 5. Heat Shrink Splice Kits - Underwater electrical connections between the pump cable and the leads on the pump motor are made with heat shrink splice kits. 6 . Torque Arrestor - Torque arrestors are meant to maintain the submersible pump centered in the well casing and avoid twisting. Torque arrestors are normally positioned just above the pump on the riser pipe to protect the pump cable . 7. Safety Rope - The submersible pump is immediately attached to the safety rope, which is anchored at the well head. - The major purpose is to keep the pipes from separating and causing the pump to fall to the bottom of the well. If the riser pipe fails, the installer can use the safety rope as a backup to extract the pump from the well. Before hanging a pump in the well, it should be fastened with a safety rope.  

50. 8. Pump cable - The electricity to the submersible pumps is supplied by submersible pump cable. A two or three wire pump is commonly utilized in a submersible pump system . 9. Cable Guards - To protect the pump wire, cable guards maintain the riser pipe centered in the well . 10. Cable Ties - Between the cable guards, cable ties are used to attach the riser pipe to the pump cable. Cable ties must be attached to the riser pipe at no more than 10-foot intervals, according to some standards. 11 . Pitless Adapters - The riser line from the submersible pump to the subterranean discharge pipe may be easily connected with slide type pitless adapters .

51. 12. Rope Hangers - Rope hangers were created to make it easier to tie the safety rope to the well casing at the well head rather than tying it directly to the other interior components. 13. Well Caps - The top of the well casing is covered with well caps. They stop debris from getting into the well. Well caps come in a number of styles, but they always create a watertight cover to keep contaminants out of the well. 14. Insert Adapters - One end of an insert adapter is insert while the other is MPT (Male Pipe Thread). When hanging a pump on a poly riser pipe, an extra-long insert adapter is advised for increased protection against the pump unexpectedly pulling out of the insert. To guarantee that the connection does not slide, double or triple clamp the insert fittings.

52. 15. Flow Control Valves - A flow control protects the submersible pump in low-producing wells in any well installation. It allows the aquifer to maintain a constant water level in the well and prevent it from falling below the submersible pump, which would cause the pump to run dry due to over-pumping. C an be installed anywhere between the submersible pump and the tank tee at the pressure tank connection, but they can also be utilized elsewhere. 16. Tank Tees - Tank tees are multi-port fittings that are used to connect a tank to the water supply. Because of the multi-port functionality, one fitting may replace eight or more pipe fittings. The tank is connected to the legs, and one of the lateral connections is connected to the pump. 17. Pressure Switch - The submersible pump's activities are controlled by pressure switches, which have a built-in diaphragm that travels back and forth in response to the water system pressure. Standard, medium, and heavy-duty pressure switches are available to accommodate a wide range of electrical and pressure ratings.

53. 18. Pressure Gauges - A pressure gauge allows you to readily monitor the state of the pressure system and validate the switches cut-in and cut-out pressure settings. 19 . Relief Valves - If a pressure switch fails, a relief valve protects the plumbing system from excessive pressure by allowing the system to continue developing pressure beyond the switch's pre-set pressure. 20 . Drain Valves - In the second externally facing accessory port, a drain valve is fitted. Drain valves enable for the collection of water samples, the acquisition of water from systems, and the draining of the tank and water system if the pressure tank has to be replaced.

54. 21. Ball Valves - On the discharge side of the pressure tank, a ball valve should be fitted to isolate the plumbing system from the water well pressure system. 22. Sediment Filter - The purpose of a sediment filter is to remove sediment from your water. This prevents silt from entering water treatment equipment such as softeners and hot water heaters. The effectiveness and lifetime of water treatment devices are improved when there is no sediment present.

55. b. Positive-displacement pumps - moves fluid by capturing a certain amount and pushing it into the discharge line. Many positive-displacement pumps have expanding cavities in the suction head and decreasing cavities in the discharge head. Liquid flows into the pump when the chamber on the suction head expands, and liquid flows out when it collapses. A volume is established for each operation cycle.

56. Positive-displacement pumps

57. Unlike centrifugal pumps, positive-displacement pumps may theoretically provide the same flow at the same speed (rpm) regardless of discharge pressure. Positive displacement pumps are hence constant flow devices. When the pressure rises, however, a little increase in internal leakage prevents a precise constant flow rate. Positive-displacement pumps, like centrifugal pumps, do not have a shutdown head and should not be used with a closed discharge valve. As a positive-displacement pump in a closed discharge valve creates flow, the pressure in the line builds, and the pipes break, the pump is badly damaged, or both

58. Positive displacement pumps are commonly used to pump oil, paints, resins, and foodstuffs. They're ideal for any application requiring accurate dosing or high-pressure output. Because positive displacement pumps, unlike centrifugal pumps, do not have their output influenced by pressure, they are frequently used in circumstances where the supply is changeable.  

59. Positive-displacement pumps

60. The following are the several types of positive-displacement pumps. ( i ) Rotary pump Rotary pumps are particularly efficient because they can manage very viscous fluids with higher flow rates as viscosity increases. Because of the pump's construction, highly exact clearances between the rotating pump and the outside edges are required, resulting in a slow, steady rotation. When liquids are injected into rotary pumps at high speeds, erosion occurs, resulting in larger clearances through which fluid may move, diminishing efficiency.

61. Rotary pump

62. Rotary positive-displacement pumps have five main types: ( i.a ) Gear pumps - The most basic sort of rotary pump. To assist you transport water or other fluids, these pumps include built-in gears. It is made up of two meshing gears that revolve inside a housing. These pumps, unlike other pumps, have a high pressure and are tiny enough to give a continuous liquid flow and a pulseless output. - The ability to drive high-thickness fluids, as well as their simplicity of use, operation, and maintenance, are the major benefits of using these pumps.

63. ( i.b ) Screw pumps - is a more sophisticated rotational pump that employs two or three screws with opposing threads; for example, one screw rotates clockwise while the other rotates counterclockwise. - The screws are put on parallel shafts. The screws drive the fluid through the pump. As with other types of pumps, the space between moving components and the housing is limited. The interior geometry of this pump is two screws moving against each other in order to pump the liquid.

64. ( i.c ) Rotary vane pumps Vanes are connected to a rotor that revolves inside a chamber to make rotary vane pumps Positive displacement rotary-vane pumps can handle lubricating and other low-viscosity fluids in small to medium amounts at moderate pressures, as well as viscous fluids in some cases.

65. ( i.d ) Hollow disk pumps Also known as eccentric disc or hollow rotary disc pumps, these pumps feature a cylindrical rotor contained in an annular casing, similar to scroll compressors. The hollow disc is guided eccentrically on the pump shaft by the diaphragm separating the suction and delivery chambers ..

66. ( i.e ) Vibration pumps or vibratory pumps - Vibration pumps (sometimes called vibratory pumps) work in the same way as linear compressors do. They are powered by a spring-loaded piston and an electromagnet coupled to AC through a diode. The only moving part of the electromagnet is a spring-loaded piston in the center. - These are similar to linear compressors and function on the same concept. They work using a spring-loaded piston and an electromagnet that is connected to AC electricity through a diode.  

67. (ii) Reciprocating pumps Oscillating plungers, pistons, or membranes (diaphragms) are used in reciprocating pumps to transport fluid, while valves restrict fluid flow in the desired direction. The pump must first move the plunger outward to reduce the pressure in the chamber before suction can occur. In terms of importing, the Philippines has 199 total shipment imports. These pumps are mostly imported from Germany, France, and Japan. Despite this, we are the world's leading importer of reciprocating pumps. It costs between $ 1 000 and $ 5 000, depending on the model/type and options.

68. Conventional reciprocating pumps are: ( ii.a ) Plunger pumps The fluid is forced through one or two open valves, which are stopped by suction on the way back, using reciprocating plunger pumps, which have a fixed high-pressure seal and a smooth cylindrical plunger that glides over it. The plunger of the pump is first connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod. This crankshaft is also linked to an electric motor. As it gives power to the crankshaft, a motor converts its spinning action into reciprocating motion.

69. Plunger pumps

70. ( ii.b ) Diaphragm pumps Membrane pumps are another name for them. Diaphragm pumps combine the reciprocating motion of a diaphragm made of Teflon, thermoplastic, or rubber with matched valves on both sides (globe valves, flap valves, check valves, or any other form of valve). By pushing two flexible diaphragms forward and backward, these pumps generate a brief vacuum. This vacuum is used to pull or discharge liquid from the diaphragm. Between the liquid and the air, the membrane acts as a barrier.

71. Diaphragm pumps

72. ( ii.c ) Piston pumps or displacement pumps They're basic gadgets for manually pumping tiny amounts of liquid or gel. These pumps use a piston, diaphragm, or plunger to move liquids. These pumps' input and output valves are check valves. The universal piston-pump is a rotary pump that uses a wheel or rotating shaft to operate the piston. The revolving component can be connected to a shaft from its center, which can subsequently be connected to the piston. When the spinning component turns, the shaft and piston are pulled back.

73. Piston pumps or displacement pumps

74. Specifications in agriculture water pump machine based on fuel operated: PETROL ENGINE WATER PUMPS: • Rated Power: 1.5 hp to 6 hp • Displacement: 98cc to 212cc • Speed: 3600 RPM • Engine: 4-Stroke, Air cooled • Fuel Tank Capacity: 1.3 to 3.6 L • Fuel Consumption: 700 to 1800 mL/ hr

75. Specifications in agriculture water pump machine based on fuel operated: DIESEL ENGINE WATER PUMPS: • Rated Power: 3.6 to 4 kW • Displacement: 247 to 296cc • Fuel Tank Capacity: 2.5 to 3.5 L • Fuel Consumption: 290 to 308 g/kWh

76. Specifications in agriculture water pump machine based on fuel operated: KEROSENE ENGINE WATER PUMP: • Rated Power: 3.3 hp to 4.1 hp • Engine: 4-Stroke

77. TEST PROCEDURE PAES 115: 2000 Centrifugal, Mixed Flow and Axial Flow Water Pumps – Methods of Test 4 General Conditions for Test and Inspection   4.1 Pump on Test   The pump on test shall be commercially produced or prototype unit of pumps depending upon the test objective. In the case of testing for commercially manufactured pumps, the pump submitted for test shall be sampled in accordance with PAES 103.  

78.   4.2 Responsibility of Manufacturer/Deale r   The manufacturer/dealer shall make the pump for testing available to an authorized testing agency together with its specifications and other relevant information (see Annex A). An authorized manufacturer’s/dealer’s representative shall be appointed to prepare, handle, adjust and witness the test. It shall be the duty of the representative to make all decisions on matters of adjustment and preparation of the machine for testing. The manufacturer shall abide with the terms and conditions set forth by the authorized testing agency.  

79. 4.3 Site of Test The pump shall be tested in a laboratory using a test rig. In the case of pump permanently installed, it shall be tested at the site where it is installed. 4.4 Materials and Equipment 4.4.1 Water The water to be used during the test shall be clean with a temperature range of 10 – 40 ºC. 4.4.2 Measuring Instruments 4.4.2.1 The gauges to be used for head measurements shall be water columns or manometers. For a relatively high pressure, mercury manometer, bourdon gauges, electrical pressure transducers or dead weight gauge testers shall be used. Pressure gauges shall be attached as specified in Annex B.

80. 4.4.2.2 For measuring discharge, the equipment to be used for relatively small flow rates shall be weighing tank. For relatively large flow rates, the weir, venturi , nozzle, orifice plate and Pitot tube shall be used. 4.4.2.3 For measuring pump input power, a dynamometer or a calibrated prime mover shall be used. 4.4.2.4 All instruments to be used for test shall be calibrated . 4.5 Suction Lift / Head The testing of pump shall be conducted on the smallest attainable suction head/lift to attain the basic performance curve of the pump.

81. 4.6 Ambient Conditions The ambient conditions such as atmospheric pressure, temperatures (dry bulb and wet bulb) and relative humidity shall be recorded at equal interval during the test. 4.7 Suspension of Test If during the test run, the pump stops due to breakdown or malfunction so as to affect the pump’s performance, the test shall be suspended at the discretion of the test engineer and concurred by the company representative.

82. 5 Tests and Inspection 5.1 Verification of Manufacturer’s Technical Data and Information 5.1.1 This inspection is carried out to verify the mechanism, main dimensions, materials and accessories of the pump in comparison with the list of manufacturer’s technical data and information. 5.1.2 A plain and level surface shall be used as reference plane for verification of dimensional pump specifications. 5.1.3 The items to be inspected and verified shall be recorded in Annex A.

83. 5.2 Performance Test 5.2.1 This is carried out to determine/establish the performance characteristics of the pump. 5.2.2 The test shall be conducted by operating the pump at manufacturer’s recommended speed. The discharge and total head shall be varied by regulating the valve on the discharge side. In the case of pump to be tested in actual site, the actual measurements of the following shall be obtained: 5.2.2.1 Static suction lift

84. 5.2.2.2 Static discharge head 5.2.2.3 Size and length of the pipes from coupling 5.2.2.4 Number of bends of piping 5.2.3 Data measurements shall be obtained at the following specified measuring points : 5.2.3.1 In the testing of a centrifugal pump, measurements shall be taken on not less than ten different discharge values starting from no-discharge state to the maximum flow rate possible, and at least of one these shall be measured at a head lower than the specified head.

85. 5.2.3.2 In the testing of a mixed flow pump, measurements shall be taken on not less than ten different discharge values extending from the lower to the maximum flow rate possible within a range of over and below the specified head. 5.2.3.3 In the testing of an axial flow pump, measurements shall be taken on not less than ten different discharge values extending from full maximum to the minimum discharge values possible, and at least one of these shall be measured at a head higher than the specified head. 5.2.4 During the test, the following shall be taken: 5.2.4.1 Reading of vacuum gauge on the suction side 5.2.4.2 Reading of pressure gauge on the discharge side

86. 5.2.4.3 Discharge (refer to Annex C) 5.2.4.4 Input power to pump 5.2.5 Magnitude of vibrations and presence of extra-ordinary noises shall be determined during operations. 5.2.6 Results shall be presented in tabular and graphical forms. The following curves shall be presented: 5.2.6.1 Total head vs. Discharge 5.2.6.2 Pump input power vs. Discharge

87. 5.2.6.3 Efficiency vs. Discharge 5.2.6.4 Pump Speed vs. Discharge 5.2.6.5 NPSH vs. Discharge 5.2.7 Items to be measured and recorded are as given in Annex D. 5.3 Cavitation Test 5.3.1 This is carried out to determine the suction conditions of the pumps. 5.3.2 The conditions for testing shall be the following:

88. 5.3.4 Magnitude of vibrations and presence of extraordinary noises shall be determined. 5.3.5 Results shall be presented in tabular and graphical forms. 5.3.6 Items to be measured and recorded are as given in Annex E. 5.4 Priming Test 5.4.1 This is carried out to determine the priming time of a self-priming pump. 5.4.2 The pump shall be mounted on a test set-up with a static lift between the eye of the impeller and the water level of at least 3 m.

89. 5.4.3 No check or foot valves shall be installed in the suction piping. 5.4.4 Before operation, fill the priming chamber with water at a temperature range of 10 – 40 ºC. 5.4.5 Operate the pump. The time elapsed between starting the unit and the time required to obtain a steady discharge gauge reading or full flow through the discharge nozzle shall be obtained and recorded as pump priming time. 5.4.6 Items to be measured and recorded are as given in Annex F.

90. 6 Data Analysis Measurements of heads and the formulas to be used during calculations and testing are given in Annex G. 7 Test Report Format The test report must include the following information in the order given: 7.1 Name of Testing Agency 7.2 Test Report Number 7.3 Title

91. 7.4 Summary 7.5 Purpose and Scope of Test 7.6 Methods of Test 7.7 Description of the Pump 7.8 Table 1 – Centrifugal Pump Specifications 7.9 Table 2 – Results of Performance Test 7.10 Table 3 – Results of Cavitation Test 7.11 Results of Priming Test 7.12 Observations 7.13 Name and Signature of Test Engineers

92. Annex B Pressure Gauges Attachment The pressure tappings are specified as follows: B1 The suction and discharge side of the pump shall be connected to a straight pipe with a length of 4 times the diameter of each bore and one pressure tapping shall be provided at a distance twice the diameter from each flange surface of the pump. Its position shall be at right angle to the plane of the bend or of the curve of spiral of the pump. (see Fig.B.1)

93. Figure B1 - P o sition of d i scharge side and suction side pressu r e tappings  

94. Annex B Pressure Gauges Attachment B2 The diameter of pressure tapping shall be 2 to 6 mm or 1/10 of pipe inner diameter, whichever has the less value, and the bore shall be normal (perpendicular) to the inner wall of the pipe and shall have length of not less than twice of its diameter (see Fig.B.2). Inner wall of the pipe at this part shall be sufficiently smooth and inner rim of the bore shall be made free from any burrs.

95. Figure B 2 – Pres s ure tap p ings w ith th i ck or th i n inner wall  

96. Other informations , e.g., updates, availability in the Philippine market, Price  

97. Other informations , e.g., updates, availability in the Philippine market, Price  

98. Other informations , e.g., updates, availability in the Philippine market, Price  

99. REFERENCES PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 114 : 2000 PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 115 : 2000  

100. REFERENCES   A. ( 2022a, April 15). What are Different Types of Pump and Their Applications. SMLease Design. Retrieved June 8, 2022, from https://www.smlease.com/entries/automation/what-are-different-types-of-pump-and-their-applications / Agarwal , T. (2019a, May 27). Different Types of Pumps: Working & Their Applications. ElProCus - Electronic Projects for Engineering Students. Retrieved May 8, 2022, from https://www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-pumps-working-and-their-applications/ All About Rotary Vane Pumps - What They Are and How They Work. ( n.d. ). Thomas. Retrieved May 11, 2022, from https:// www.thomasnet.com/articles/pumps-valves-accessories/rotary-vane-pumps/ APEX EQUIPMENT LTD. (2018, September 20). Hollow Disc Rotary Pumps. APEX Equipment. Retrieved May 11, 2022, from https://www.apexequipmentltd.com/omg-pumps/hollow-disc-rotary-pumps/ H . (2022, March 25). Different Types of Pumps. HAOSH Pump. Retrieved May 8, 2022, from https://www.haoshpump.com/different-types-of-pumps/ K . (2021, June 9). Agriculture Water Pump. KisanKraft . Retrieved May 7, 2022, from https:// www.kisankraft.com/agriculture-water-pump/ PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD. Retrieved on 2019 at https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PAES-115-2000.pdf Team , L. (2022, May 8). Types of Water Pumps and Their Principles. Industrial Manufacturing Blog | Linquip . Retrieved May 11, 2022, from https://www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-water-pumps/    

101. Thanks!