water resource management and water safety

water resource related

1. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
Integrated Water Resources Management
and Water Safety Plans
Are there any links?
Dr Rainer E. Enderlein
Regional expert, UNECE, Geneva

2. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
•Acknowledgment
The following presentation uses pictures and graphs kindly prepared by my colleagues from
DHI/Denmark and WHO/EURO; graphs from the WHO publication on water safety plans and a
lecture from New Zealand, downloaded from the Internet

3. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
IWRM is a process, …
… which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and
related resources
… in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable
manner
… without
compromising
the sustainability
of vital ecosystems
(GWP, 2004)

4. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
Implementing an IWRM process is a question of getting three
pillars right (GWP, 2004):
… moving towards an enabling environment (policies, strategies
and legislation for sustainable water resources management,
… putting in place the institutional framework (to implement the
policies, strategies and legislation),
… setting up the management instruments (required by the
institutions to do their job)

5. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Ecosystem services
examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural
practice applied

6. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Ecosystem services
examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural
practice applied
Payments for ecosystem services considered

7. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Ecosystem services
examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural
practice applied
Reservoir releases
negotiated
Groundwater use regulated

8. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Ecosystem services
examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural
practice applied
Reservoir releases
negotiated
Groundwater use regulated
Municipal wastewater
standards enforced
Water pollution
control from
mining and
manufacturing
implemented

9. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Ecosystem services
examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural
practice applied
Reservoir releases
negotiated
Groundwater use regulated
Municipal wastewater
standards enforced
Water pollution
control from
mining and
manufacturing
implemented
Impact on the marine environment
(Black Sea) considered

10. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Ecosystem services
examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural
practice applied
Reservoir releases
negotiated
Groundwater use regulated
Municipal wastewater
standards enforced
Water pollution
control from
mining and
manufacturing
implemented
Impact on the marine environment
(Caspian Sea) considered
Climate change adaptation
measures considered

11. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
•Water management policies, strategies and legislation also
comprise water use for drinking water and discharge of
waste water
•Water-quality standards and pollution charges are part of
the legislation
•Monitoring of surface waters and groundwater as well as
source water quality
IWRM – importance for water supply and
sanitation

12. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
By the time monitoring shows that drinking-
water maybe / is microbiologically contaminated
many people may have been infected (in some
cases fatally).

13. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Abstraction

14. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Abstraction
Sub-basin (catchment)

15. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008

16. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
 

17. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008

18. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008

19. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
Two principal concepts
–Product Quality Control (QC) monitors
compliance with standards
QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it
had happened.

20. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
Two principal concepts
–Product Quality Control (QC) monitors
compliance with standards
QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it
had happened.
–Process Quality Assurance (QA) uses risk
management
QA tries to stop that something is going wrong.

21. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
Water Safety Plans are a
major Quality Assurance
(QA) tool for drinking
water quality management

22. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
Water safety plan
The objectives of a water safety plan are to ensure safe drinking-water
through good water supply practice to:
• Prevent contamination of source waters;
• Treat the water to reduce or remove contamination to the extent
necessary to meet the water quality targets; and
• Prevent re-contamination during storage, distribution and handling of
drinking-water.

23. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
What are the hazards ?
What events could occur ?
What could be their effect on
public health?

24. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
HAZARD CONSEQUENCEEVENT
E. Coli
Chlorinator
fails
People are
sick

25. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
For each event:
•How severe would the public health
consequences be? [Severity]
•How likely is the event to happen ?
[Frequency]

26. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
Likelihood
ranking
Description
Rare May occur only in exceptional
circumstances (once in 1000 years)
Unlikely Could occur (once in 100 years)
Possible Might occur at some time (once in 10
years)
Likely Will probably occur (once in 1 or 2 years)
Almost certain Is expected to occur in most
circumstances

27. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
•Decide the order of priority for managing each
risk [use a benefit/cost approach]
•Decide the order in which to make
improvements
•Develop a programme for managing the risks

28. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
•Prepare an improvement schedule,
taking into account the available
resource
•Define the responsibilities for
implementing the plan
•Specify a date for reviewing the plan

29. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
The WSP is one of the sets of drinking water
quality management tools available to
regulators and suppliers.
The use of the WSP and IWRM tools should be
integrated, so that they combine to function as
a mutually supporting system.

30. CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008
BANG!
Integrated Water Resources Management being
implemented
Water supply and sanitation being
improved