Water Scarcity & Conservation of water ppt

water scarcity
conservation water
water saving
problems of water scarcity
causes of water scarcity
types of water conservation
types of water scarcity
factors of water scarcity

1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BHARUCH Gujarat Technological University Branch : Mechanical (Sem - 1 ) Name : Rana Keyur K. Enrollment no. : 170140119094 Subject : Environmental Studies ( 2110007 )

2. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Topic: Water scarcity & Conservation of Water

3. WATER SCARCITY

4. The quantity of water on the earth is so huge that a layer of 3 m depth can be provided on the earth surface ,but out of the total quantity of water , 97% water is saline and hardly 3% water is fresh . Out of this 3% , 2% is locked in icecaps at polar regions. Only 1% water is available for human consumption, out of which 0.75% water is stored underground.

5. Water scarcity Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet water needs within a region. It affects every continent and around 2.8 billion people around the world at least one month out of every year. More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. The problem of drinking water is becoming more serious day to day. The problem has not remained confined to rural areas, but has spread to urban area as well. The per capita availability of water is decreasing due to rise in population and improper management.

6. Types of Water scarcity Physical water scarcity Physical water scarcity is the situation when there is not enough water to meet all demands, such as those required by an ecosystem to function effectively. Arid regions frequently suffer from physical water scarcity. This can happen where there is overdevelopment of hydraulic infrastructure, often for irrigation. Symptoms of physical water scarcity include environmental degradation and declining ground water. Economic water scarcity Economic water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in water infrastructure or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand of water in areas where the population cannot afford to use an adequate source of Symptoms of economic water scarcity include a lack of infrastructure, with people often having to fetch water from rivers or lakes for domestic and agricultural uses (irrigation). Although much emphasis is put on improving water sources for drinking and domestic purposes, more water is used for other uses such as bathing, laundry, and cleaning than for drinking and cooking alone.

7. Factors Causing Water Scarcity High population Higher population growth rate Non-uniform distribution of rainfall causing floods & droughts Non-uniform distribution of water over the space & time Improper water management Unscientific methods of irrigation Global warming Environmental pollution Climatic changes

8. Lack of Access to Drinking Water Hunger Lack of Education Diseases Sanitation Issues Poverty Education Recycle Water Advance Technology Related to Water Conservation Improve Practices Related to Farming Improve Sewage Systems Support Clean Water Initiatives Solutions for Water Scarcity Effects of Water Scarcity

9. CONSERVATION OF WATER

10. Conservation of water Conservation of water means careful, sensible and judicious (justified) use of water. It includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand. Excessive and unplanned use of water has depleted our water resources. Hence this is immediate need for the conservation of water.

11. Measures for water conservation Domestic conservation Industrial conservation Agricultural conservation

12. Domestic conservation Verify your home is leakage free. Repair dripping tapes by replacing washers. use water sufficient flushes in the toilet. Turn off water while brushing teeth. Close faucets(Taps) while rinsing clothes. Use waste water of clothes to clean floor. Operate automatic washing machine when its fully loaded. While going outdoor, turn off main valve for water. Minimize grass loans in your yard because less grass means water saving. don’t wash floor with hose(water supply pipe). Use broom. Use sprinkler in your garden for watering the plants.

13. Industrial conservation Install waste water treatment plant in the factory for treating waste water. Reuse the cooling water for gardening or irrigation. Use such cooling system which require less water. Use cooling towers & dry cooling system. Conduct regular survey and examination to find the ways for conserving water. Also conduct awareness programs at employ level. It’s good idea to install high pressure but low volume spray nozzles on spray washers. check the efficiency of water equipment on regular basis.

14. Agricultural conservation Improved methods of irrigation like drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation system must be used. Conventional flooding method of irrigation should be discouraged. water meters should be installed and cultivators should be charged on the volumetric basis. Reducing losses from canals. Canals should be lined to reduced seep-age losses. creating awareness among the farmers about the importance of water, to reduced the wastage of water. By constructing structures like, Check dams Khet Talawadi Gabian structure Gully plugging