WATERBORNE DISEASES AND PREVENTION

It's a basic knowledge about
Waterborn disease and control & prevention of waterborne diseases
And types of water related diseases

1. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
VIVEKANANDHA
ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
VEERACHIPALAYAM , SANKAGIRI, SALEM, TAMILNADU
SUBJECT :MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTING
TOPIC : WATERBORNE DISEASES AND PREVENTION
SUBJECT INCHARGE:
DR.V.BHARATHI,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,
VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN,
SANKAGIRI, SALEM, TAMILNADU.
SUMMITED BY:
G.KEERTHANA GOPAL,
II-M.SC MICROBIOLOGY,
VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN,
SANKAGIRI, SALEM, TAMILNADU.

2. WATERBORNE DISEASES
Waterborne diseases are those disease that are caused due to
presence of pathogenic micro-organisms in water, which are
transmitted when contaminated drinking water is consumed.
Waterborne disease are mostly caused by protozoa, viruses,
bacteria, and intestinal parasites.
Water-borne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water
contaminated by human or animal faeces, which contain
pathogenic microorganisms. commonly are transmitted in
contaminated fresh water.
Water borne diseases are among one of the major public health
problems in developing countries. Water born diseases
responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing world.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES RELATED
WATER
WATER-BORNE
DISEASES
1.Cholera.
2.Typhoid.
3.Amoebic.
4. Diarrheal.
WATER-BASED
DISEASES
1.Dracunculiasis.
2.Schistosomiasis.
WATER-WASHED
DISEASES
1.Scabies.
2.Trachoma.
3.lice and tick-born
diseases.
WATER-RELATED
DISEASE
1.Trypanosomiasis.
2.Yellow fever.
3.Manasis.
4.Malaria.

4. COMMON WATERBORNE DISEASES
There are different types of waterborne diseases, which vary
depending on the pathogen likely to cause the disease. Knowing
and having a better understanding of the waterborne diseases list
can help be aware of these diseases and take precautions to avoid
them.
TYPHOID:
Typhoid or typhoid fever is one of the most common waterborne
illnesses spread through contaminated food and water.
People living in places without access to clean and hygienic water
are more prone to typhoid fever.
Typhoid is extremely contagious and spreads widely by coming
in contact with water contaminated by an infected person.
However, it can be prevented by taking proper hygiene measures
and taking necessary vaccines.

5. CONTINUE..,
CHOLERA:
Cholera is a waterborne disease commonly occurring in rural
communities where people do not always get access to proper
sanitation.
Cholera is a harmful disease which can be lethal if left untreated.
Cholera is spread by polluted water, which causes severe
diarrhoea and dehydration, particularly in areas with bad
sanitation and using water from open water sources (such as
ponds), which are used for a variety of reasons such as washing,
bathing, cleaning, etc.
Cholera, being highly contagious, can cause an outbreak quite
easily and be lethal within days or even hours of infection.

6. CONTINUE..,
DYSENTERY:
Dysentery is another waterborne disease which can be
caused by the shigellabacteria or by an amoeba.
It also spreads through contaminated food and drinks,
particularly in places where good hygiene is not maintained.
Dysentery infection can cause intestinal inflammation and
diarrhoea mixed with blood, leading to severe dehydration.
Dysentery-causing pathogens can be spread by food and
water contaminated with bacteria or parasites or by coming
in direct contact with human faeces.

7. CONTINUE..,
HEPATITIS A :
Hepatitis is a liver disease which has different variations
depending on its underlying cause.
Hepatitis, specifically Hepatitis A water borne disease, is
caused and spread by consuming contaminated food and
drinks or by being in close proximity to an infected person.
This disease is mostly prevalent in places with improper
sanitation and hygiene.
Hepatitis A infection may get better in a few weeks, but it is
possible that the condition persists for longer or worsens
with time.

8. CONTINUE..,
GIARDIA:
Giardia is a lesser-known water borne disease which spreads
through contaminated food and water and also human contact.
Also known as beaver fever, giardia is a digestive ailment caused
by the giardia parasite.
Although the infection may go away on its own in a few weeks,
the harmful effects on the intestines can persist for much longer,
sometimes even for years.
Much like cholera, this water borne disease can also spread
through polluted open water sources, such as ponds and streams,
but it can also be present in a town's water supply system or in
public-use water bodies such as swimming pools.
Apart from these, there are other waterborne diseases spread by
other parasites and pathogens. Amoebic dysentery, amoebiasis,
and shigellosis are other such names of water-borne diseases

9. PREVENTION OF WATERBORNE
DISEASES
Prevention is better than cure, and this adage is better suited for
conditions caused by water-borne pathogens. While treatment
options can help prevent fatalities and arrest the outbreak of a
water-borne disease by ensuring timely treatment, it is better to
prevent water-borne diseases. Here are some of the common ways
to prevent the occurrence and spread of waterborne diseases.
MAINTAINING PERSONAL HYGIENE: The best way to
ensure that exposure to water borne diseases can be restricted is
by washing hands with soap and clean water every time before
eating. Maintaining personal hygiene by staying clean and
wearing clean clothes washing.
VEGETABLES: It is best to wash fruits and vegetables before
cooking them to prevent the spread of harmful microorganisms.
Washing fruits and vegetables with clean water, hot water if
possible, can prevent contracting such diseases.

10. CONTINUE..,
VACCINE: Vaccination is important to prevent diseases such as
hepatitis and typhoid. Taking vaccination measures at appropriate
times can help to prevent getting diseases.
AVOIDING TAP WATER: If possible, avoiding drinking water
directly from taps can help to prevent coming in direct contact
with disease-causing pathogens. Instead, drinking bottled water or
drinks can help prevent such water borne diseases.
AVOIDING UNDERCOOKED OR RAW FOOD: It is important
to not consume undercooked or raw foods such as runny eggs or
raw/rare meat, as these may contain various harmful pathogens
and parasites. Eat fruits that can be peeled on your own. If
possible, eat hot foods rather than eating food that has been
sitting outside for a long time.

11. CONCLUSION
Polluted and contaminated water can cause waterborne diseases
like cholera, typhoid fever, malaria, amoebiasis, and dysentery.
Poor water quality is responsible for disease outbreaks in many
parts of the world. In order to reduce disease outbreaks,
precautions as well as various interventions must be put in place.
However, even if symptoms of these diseases go away on their
own, there can be long-lasting effects of water borne diseases.
Moreover, these diseases may weaken the immune system.
To avoid getting infected by such waterborne diseases, it is
important to take proper precautions.