Waters projection

radiography : waters

1. Waters projection

2. Image Receptor and Patient Placement image receptor : in front of the patient and perpendicular to the midsagittal plane patient’s head : tilted upward , canthomeatal line forms a 37 degree angle with the image receptor If mouth is open: sphenoid sinus is seen superimposed over the palate

3. Position of Central X-Ray Beam central beam is perpendicular to the image receptor and centered in the area of the maxillary sinuses.

4. Resultant Image The midsagittal plane should divide the skull image into two symmetric halves. The petrous ridge of the temporal bone should be projected below the floor of the maxillary sinus.

5. Interpretation a systematic approach like lateral and PA cephalometric projections that ensures interrogation of the complete image.

6. According to the table : High usefulness : Coronoid process , orbit , zygoma , maxillary sinus Not recommended : Mandible , condylar neck

7. Thanks for your attention