Watson - a supercomputer

Watson - a super computer, presentation is based on a super computer made by IBM basically to play Jeopardy! quiz show.
This is made by me in order to present it in my final Seminar presentation.

1. WATSON - a super computer BE - 3 rd Year Information Technology A. D. Patel Institute of Technology Prepared by : Utsav Patel - 120010116017 Harshil Darji - 120010110645

2. CONTENTS History Description Software Hardware Data Operation Future Application Health care IBM Watson Group FIVE WAYS WATSON WILL CHANGE COMPUTING

3. HISTORY Since Deep Blue's victory over Garry Kasparov in chess in 1997, IBM had been on the hunt for a new challenge . IBM Research executive Paul Horn backed Lickel up, pushing for someone in his department to take up the challenge of playing Jeopardy! with an IBM system . In competitions managed by the United States government, Watson's predecessor, a system named Piquant, was usually able to respond correctly to only about 35% of clues and often required several minutes to respond . To compete successfully on Jeopardy! , Watson would need to respond in no more than a few seconds, and at that time. The IBM team was given three to five years and a staff of 15 people to solve the problems. By February 2010, Watson could beat human Jeopardy! contestants on a regular basis.

4. DESCRIPTION Watson is an artificially intelligent computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci. Watson was named after IBM's first CEO and industrialist Thomas J. Watson. The computer system was specifically developed to answer questions on the quiz show Jeopardy! Watson had access to 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content consuming four terabytes of disk storage including the full text of Wikipedia, but was not connected to the Internet during the game. Basically it consist of Software, Hardware, Data which is explained in upcoming slides.

5. SOFTWARE: Watson uses IBM's DeepQA software and the Apache UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) framework. The system was written in various languages, including Java, C++, and Prolog, and runs on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 operating system using Apache Hadoop framework to provide distributed computing . HARDWARE: The system is workload optimized, integrating massively parallel POWER7 processors and being built on IBM's DeepQA technology , which it uses to generate hypotheses, gather massive evidence, and analyze data . Watson is composed of a cluster of ninety IBM Power 750 servers, each of which uses a 3.5 GHz POWER7 eight core processor, with four threads per core. In total, the system has 2,880 POWER7 processor cores and has 16 terabytes of RAM.

6. Data: The sources of information for Watson include encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri, newswire articles, and literary works. Watson has also used databases, taxonomies, and ontologies . The IBM team provided Watson with millions of documents, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference material that it could use to build its knowledge . It contained 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content consuming four terabytes of disk storage , including the full text of Wikipedia . Watson was not connected to the Internet during the game to play a honest game with participated humans and other computers. We can set the intelligence of Watson according to requirement to play against kids, adults and computers.

7. OPERATION When playing Jeopardy! all players must wait until host Alex Trebek reads each clue in its entirety, after which a light is lit as a "ready" signal; the first to activate their buzzer button wins the chance to respond . Watson received the clues as electronic texts at the same moment they were made visible to the human players . It would then parse the clues into different keywords and sentence fragments in order to find statistically related phrases . I ts ability to quickly execute thousands of proven language analysis algorithms simultaneously helps WATSON to find the correct answer . The more algorithms that find the same answer independently the more likely Watson is to be correct . After finding correct answer, Watson speaks with an electronic voice and gives the responses in Jeopardy! 's question format.

8. FUTURE APPLICATION According to IBM, “The goal is to have computers start to interact in natural human terms across a range of applications and processes, understanding the questions that humans ask and providing answers that humans can understand and justify .” It has been suggested by Robert C. Weber, IBM's general counsel, that Watson may be used for legal research . The company also intends to use Watson in other information-intensive fields, such as telecommunications, financial services, and government . The other future applications are as follows: Health care IBM Watson Group

9. HEALTH CARE: In healthcare, Watson's natural language, hypothesis generation, and evidence-based learning capabilities allow it to function as a clinical decision support system for use by medical professionals . Watson helps physicians in the treatment of their patients, once a doctor has posed a query to the system describing symptoms and other related factors, Watson first parses the input to identify the most important pieces of information; then mines patient data to find facts relevant to the patient's medical and hereditary history; then examines available data sources to form and test hypotheses ; and finally provides a list of individualized, confidence-scored recommendations. The sources of data that Watson uses for analysis can include treatment guidelines, electronic medical record data, notes from doctors and nurses, research materials, clinical studies, journal articles, and patient information.

10. IBM Watson group: On January 9, 2014 IBM announced it is creating a business unit around Watson, led by senior vice president Michael Rhodin . IBM Watson Group will have headquarters in New York's Silicon Alley and will employ 2,000 people. IBM has invested $1 billion to get the division going. Watson Group will develop three new cloud-delivered services: Watson Discovery Advisor, Watson Analytics, and Watson Explorer: Watson Discovery Advisor will focus on research and development projects in pharmaceutical industry, publishing and biotechnology. Watson Analytics will focus on Big Data visualization and insights on the basis of natural language questions posed by business users. Watson Explorer will focus on helping enterprise users uncover and share data-driven insights more easily.

11. FIVE WAYS WATSON WILL CHANGE COMPUTING Watson, IBM’s artificial intelligence computing platform, is changing the way we compute: Watson Will Make Your Doctor Smarter: To do so, IBM is feeding Watson massive amounts of texts and records to make it “smarter.” “ Doctors are trained on a set of information in med school and go through internships and residencies . But when they’re practicing, they only have so much time to catch up with new information. When you add in something like low cost DNA sequencing in genomics, it's simply overwhelming,” Rhodin says. Doctors and nurses are already using Watson in the field, and soon it will become an even more reliable advisor.

12. Watson Will Transform Entire Industries: Rhodin confirmed that IBM is considering the oil and gas industries as potential Watson consumers. Another job listing for a product manager confirms that IBM wants to position Watson in government and the financial sector. Rhodin cites wealth management as one category he sees a particular niche for Watson in. As a company, IBM is far more comfortable dealing with enterprise customers and large corporate or institutional clients than the consumer market, which it traditionally has had issues reaching. Early Watson efforts have been concentrated on health care, which is a perfect example of an industry dominated by relatively few institutional players. Rhodin told me the company wants to hire anyone who, as he puts it, “has domain level expertise.”

13. Watson Could Think Like A Human: The backend of Watson—the servers, software architecture, and API which allow developers to build apps, relies on a process called “cognitive computing.” In layman’s terms, cognitive computing allows software to mimic perceptive, cognitive, and interactive aspects of the human brain. Earlier this month, IBM announced a $3 billion R&D investment in computer hardware that mimics the human brain. In an increasingly cloud-driven world where diverse arrays of companies rely on a remote infrastructure (See: Amazon Web Services, Salesforce, and the Google ecosystem), IBM is positioning themselves as a major player for cognitive software.

14. Watson Will Be Inside Your Phones, Tablets, And Toys: IBM held a Watson mobile challenge at this year’s Mobile World Congress as a way of finding case studies for Watson outside of desktop computers. The three winners were a tablet based trainer for in-store retail personnel called Red Ant, a personal health care wellness assistance tool called GenieMD , and a company called Majestyk Apps which made a prototype stuffed animal called FANG (Friendly Anthromorphic Network Genome). There has been speculation by many industry observers that the recent Apple-IBM partnership could ease the way for iOS developers to work in the Watson ecosystem. But as we’re about to see, IBM is already laying plans for a massive Watson ecosystem.

15. Tomorrow's Programmers Are Building Apps For Watson: One thing Rhodin seemed especially happy about during the interview was IBM’s work building partnerships with universities to steer developers towards Watson. Rhodin told Fast Company that this fall, 10 U.S. universities would begin offering Watson-based computing classes including Carnegie Mellon, Ohio State, the University of Texas-Austin, the University of Michigan and New York University. As he put it, “A large number of top schools in North America will train people on how to build cognitive applications and be the next generation of cognitive entrepreneurs in market.” IBM has also been giving outsiders access to Watson’s API (though applicants have complained of a glacial pace in approvals) to build out applications across a variety of industries.

16. “All the problems of the world could be settled easily if men were only willing to think.” - Thomas J . Watson Reference: www.wikipedia.org | www.fastcompany.com . . . T h a n k Y o u . . .