Way to write bibliography

A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include: the authors' names. the titles of the works. the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources.

1. Presented by G.Vijayalakshmi BSc.,MSc ., 20py10 Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College,Sivakasi Presented to DR.K.Nalini

2. What is bibliography? Derived from the Greek biblion (book)and graphein (writing) A bibliography is an orderly list of resources on a particular subject Bibliography a science of the traansmission of literary documents A bibliography provides the full reference information for all the soures which you may have consulted in preparing a particular project The purpose of a bibliography is to allow the reader to trace the elements

3. We should include: Title of publication Author/editor/corporate author(surname always comes first) Place of publication Publisher Copyright date Volume /URL/ Pagination /Month(these are not applicable to books) WHAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED?

4. Traits of bibliography The author’s name is listed in reverse order (VIJAYALAKSHMI.G) The entry is generally presented in hanging –indention form. The entry gives the inclusive pages of articles,,but not for books,and does not refer to any one page or passage. Second and subsequent references to publications of the same author are indicated by a uniform line.

5. When do you use a Bibliography? In a report with statistics to show where you found those facts In a paper /report that uses a main idea from an author In a research paper to show ALL the different sources required by the teacher

6. USES OF BIBLIOGRAPHY To identify and verify information To locate materials To select materials for the collection

7. There are various formats used in the creation of a bibliography such as the American Pyschological Association(APA),Modern Language Association of America (MLA)and Chicago Manual of Style and Council of Biology Editors (CBE) The APA style of referencing is common in the papers written on topics of social sciences ;MLA style is used in field of humanities;and CBEis a popular citation style in the natural sciences Standard citation styles used in a Bibliography

8. Not all bibliographies are equal Works cited: This will include a list of all the written sources used or quoted in the piece. MLA style generally employs a works cited. Reference List: Much like a works cited,it’ll list all the sources used in the piece. APA format calls for a reference list. Bibliography: This is a citation page that will include all the sources that wentinto the inception of the piece.Chicago and Turbian styles use a bibliography.

9. Preparing your citation page: Start on a separate page .this will be after your endnotes,if applicable. Center the title at the top of the page Alphabetize the author’s names. Left-align the citations. Use a hanging indent for any citations that go overv one line.

10. EXAMPLE

11. MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION Modern language Association’s is used in the educational and literary world,a new edition coming out about every decade,this writing styles also designed for humanities or art writers. The in-text citations for MLA are author- page The author name will then help readers find the reference on your works cited page.

12. MLA CHANGES IN MLA 2009 changes in MLA: No more underlining (only use italics) Publication medium( eg.PRINT,WEB etc,) New abbreviations ( eg .” N.p .” for” no publisher given”)

13. GENERAL RULES FOR WORK CITED LIKE THIS: Use the title “works Cited”. Double-space entries without extra line breaks in between. Author’s full names are inverted ( eg.,Smith ,John Bert). Capitalize all major words in the titles ( eg.,The Hunger Games). Italicize titles. End all citations with a period. Use “and “ between multiple authors. Leave only one space after punctuation Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides

14. Example for MLA

15. GENERATING MLA/APA Bibliography using word Go to microsoft word(2007,3,or 10) Go to reference Select “Insert Citation” Input source information Select desired style (MLA/APA) Select Bibliography or Reference

16. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION(APA) The American Psychological Association is the preferred format in the social sciences. APA, named after the American Psychological Association, uses an author-date format for in-text citations. These citations will be at the end of a sentence in the text, in most cases. These citations will then be further explained on the references page. The source list at the end of the paper is called References. Since the author and date are typically one of the first things listed in the reference sheet, it’s easy to find citations on the reference list.

17. Example of APA citation is most helpful, the general rules for your reference page include: Use the title “References.” Double-space the entire page. Invert author’s names (e.g., Smith, J. B.). Use only the initial for an author’s first and middle names. Capitalize only first word in a title (e.g., The hunger games). Capitalize all major words in journal titles. Italicize titles of larger works like books and journals. Include an ampersand between multiple authors.

18. EXAMPLE FOR APA

19. WORD FORMAT IN APA

20. CHICAGO /TURABIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY CMS writing style was first used in 1890 by students at the University of Chicago Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is a professional writing style that uses endnotes and bibliographies or author-date and references. Additionally, Turabian is a student version of the  Chicago Manual of Style . It is used for non-professional student works that aren’t going to be published. It is used in Humanities field:art ,history and literature.

21. CMS/TURABIAN Turabian is another format students may use at the college, and sometimes, high school level. It is the student version of the  Chicago Manual of Style . This professional style can use an author-date citation style with a  reference page , or it can use  notes and a bibliography .  Turabian is a diverse style that can work well for fiction and nonfiction sources.

22. Chicago style is synonymous with  Turabian , named for Kate L. Turabian , the original author of  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations . The Turabian manual, which is based on  The Chicago Manual of Style , is used by students in history and the arts and other subjects in the humanities and social sciences. In addition to covering Chicago style, including Chicago-style citations, the Turabian manual advises students on research and writing, from topic selection to finished paper.

23. General rules for creating your citation page include: Use the title “References” or “Bibliography” as appropriate. Double space the text. Leave two blank lines between the title and first entry. Leave one blank line between entries. Invert author’s full names (e.g., Agamben , Giorgio). Use headline style capitalization for titles. Place titles in  quotes or italics based on type . Use “and” between author’s names.

24. CMS (REFERENCES)

25. MAKING A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR A BOOK Author (last name first),title of thebook,city:Publisher,Date of Publication EG: Godin,Seth,Purple cow: Transform your business by being Remarkable ,New York :Upper Saddle river,2002.

26. MAKING A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR AN ENCYCLOPEDIA Encyclopedia title,Edition Date,Volume Number,”Article Page”,page numbers EG: The Encyclopedia Britiannica 1997,”Gorillas,”pp51-67

27. MAKING A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR A MAGAZINE Author (last name first),”article title,”Name of magazine,Volume number,(date):page numbers. EG: Jordan,Jennifer,”Filming on top of the world,”Museum of Science Magazine.Volume7(winter 1998)pp-67

28. MAKING A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR A NEWSPAPER Author (last name first),”Article Title,”Name of newspaper,city ,state of publication,(date):edition if available,section,page number(s) EG: Powers,Ann,”New Trends”The New York,NY (3/1/98),Atlantic Region,Section2,p-4

29. MAKING A BIBLIOGRAPHY WORLD WIDE WEB URL (Uniform Resource Locator orWWW address),author(or item’s name,if mentional ),date EG: http :// WWW.The Hindu.com.Today’s news,August6,2023

30. MAKING A BIBLIOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Air and Radiation,Healthy Buildins,Healthy people:A vision for the 21 st Century,October 2009. EG: http :// WWW.epa.gov / iaq /images/ indoor_air_pollution.pdf .

31. PURPOSES OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES To give credit to the writers from whom you have borrowed words and ideas. To inform your readers where your information was found To avoid plagiarism ,or borrowing words and ideas without acknowleding their original sources