Ways of Social control

Sociologists define social control as the way that the norms, rules, laws, and structures of society regulate human behavior. It is a necessary part of social order, for societies could not exist without controlling their populations

1. Preety Thakur
Nursing Tutor
SMVDCoN

2. Introduction:
Normsaresetofstandardsthatregulatethe
relationshipandmodeofbehaviour.These
standardsofgroupbehaviourarecalled
Socialnorms.Itcanbesaidthatnormsare
standards.Thesestandardsareacceptedby
thesociety.

3. “Thenormsaretheblueprintsforbehaviour
settinglimitswithinthewhichindividualsmay
seekalternatewaystoachievetheirgoals.”
AcctoBroom&selznick
“therulestheguidebehaviourineveryday
situationsandarederivedfromthevalues”

4. Normsareconsideredastheimportantmeans
ofsocialcontrol.
Normscontainstandardsofbehaviour,which
provideordertosocialrelation.
Itprovidecohesioninsocietythrough
normativelyregulatedsocialsystem.
Itdevelopattitudeamongindividuals.
Itinfluencethemotivesofpeople.
Itdetermine&guidetheintuitivejudgementof
self&ofothers.

5. Universal
Relatedtothefunctionalorder.
Incorporatesvaluejudgments.
Relativetosituations&groups.
Normsarenotalwaysobeyedbyall.
Normsvarywithsanctions.
Normsarenormallyinternalisedbythe
people.

6. So,thenormsdenotetheexpected
behaviour.Moralvaluesareattachedwith
norms,whichsetoutthenormativeorderof
thegroup.
So,normsareimportantasstandardsof
behaviourwhichgiveordertosocialrelations.
Theinteractionbetweentheindividualgoes
smoothlyifthenormsarefollowedby
individualsinsociety.Nogrouporsociety
existswithoutnorms.

7. Thenormshavebeenclassifiedonthebasis
ofimportanceandthetypeofsanctionsinto
variouscategoriessuchasfolkways,mores,
custom&fashion.
Theword‘folkways’literallymeans
‘thewaysofthepeople’

8. “Folkwaysarethosewaysofactingthatare
commontoasocietyoragroup&thatare
handeddownfromonegenerationtothe
next.”
AcctoA.W.Green
“Folkwaysaretypicalorhabitualbeliefs,
attitudes&styleofconductobservedwithin
agroup&community”
AcctoHorton&Hunt

9. Folkwaypredictourown&other’sbehaviour.
Folkwayprovideasenseofsecurity.
Thesearegreatsaverofenergy&time.
Folkwaysarefoundationofeveryculture.
Solvethesocialproblems&strivetowards
achievingthegoals.
Ithelpsustohandlethesituations&tomake
socialrelations.
Itconstitutessocialstructure.

10. Socialinnature:Productofman’sgrouplife.
Forsustaining,maintaining,togetsocial
recognition.
Repetitiveincharacter:ifmajorityofpeople
observeconstantly&regularly,itbecome
folkways.Practicesbecomestandardizedby
constantrepetition.
Unplannedorigin:Spontaneous,automatic,
unconsciousinorigin.Noadvanceplanningis
required,e.g.Hairstyle,dressingstyle.
coversationstyle.

11. Informalenforcement:Folkwaysareinformal
meansofsocialcontrol.Iftheindividualisnot
followingthefolkway,itbecomes‘gossip’.
Variedinnature:Itdifferfromgrouptogroup,
societytosociety,e.g.tablemanners,eating
pattern.
Numerous&diverse:Dependinguponsociety
&groupvariedfolkwaysareobserved.
Subjectedtochange:Baseduponsocial
conditions,situationsenvironmentitvaries.
Basedonculturaltraits,peoplewilladopt
certainculturalpractices.

12. Spontaneous in origin, automatic
Approved behaviour
Distinctiveness
Hereditary
To meet the needs/ problem of the society

13. Folkways are infinite in number. There are no.
of folkways in different culture, group,
society about eating, smoking, sex, birth,
dress, death etc.
Folkways related to eating
Hindus BengalisJain BrahaminsMadrasis
Do nottake
meat
Eat rice
preferably
Do not
take curd
Eat in kitchenEatrice with
hand

14. Thefolkwaysaredynamici.e.changingand
keeponchangingaccordingtosocial
conditions.
Thesechangesasaresultofinnovation.After
innovationifitisfoundthattheinnovations
arebetterthanoldone.,thenitisaccepted&
followed&lateron,whenfollowed&accepted
byalargegroup,exertspressuretobe
acceptedbyallofitsmembers,thenit
becomesafolkway.Inthisway,thefolkways
keeponchanging.

15. Moresareofgreatsignificancetosociety.The
termmoreshasbeenderivedfrom
Themoresarerelatedtothefundamental
needsofsocietymoredirectly.Moresarethe
waystoregulatebehaviour&forthewelfare
ofsociety.
•Which means
custom
Mos

16. “Moresarethosecustoms&grouproutines
whicharethoughtbythemembersofsociety
tobenecessarytothegroup’scontinued
existence”
AcctoGillin&Gillin
“Whenthefolkwayshaveaddedtothem
conceptionsofgroupwelfare,standardof
right&wrong,theyareconvertedinto
norms”
AcctoR.M.Maclver

17. Positive
mores
Negative
mores

18. Itprescribedbehaviourpatterns.They
provideinstruction&guidanceforpeopleto
behaveinaparticularmanner.e.g.
Givingrespecttoelders
Protectingchildren
Careofdisease&aged
Speakingtruth

19. It prescribes which they should not exhibit
through behavior mores prohibits certain
behaviour pattern. E.g.
Instructions like not to have anti-social
behaviour.

20. Theyregulatethesocialbehaviour:
Itdedicatestherightattitudes&shapesthe
personalityoftheindividual.They are
compulsive&everybodyshouldfollowitandif
anybodyviolates,theywillbepunished.
Relativelypersistent:
Moresarelonglasting,conservativeinnature.

21. Variedfromgrouptogroup:
Somegroupprohibitonekindofmore,other
mayaccepte.gsomefollowmonogamy,others
acceptpolygamy.
Moresarebackedbyvalues&religion:
Religioussanction,valuesaresharedbymores.

22. Determinesindividualbehaviour.
Mouldspersonalityofindividual.
Restrainsourtendencies.
Powerfulmeanofsocialcontrol.
Identifytheindividualwiththegroup&
maintainssocialrelationship;essentialfor
satisfactoryliving.
Preservessocialsolidarity.
Helpfulforformingthesociallawswhich
governoursocialrelations.

23. Folkways Mores
Behaviour pattern of
routine life arising
unconsciously in a group.
Do not imply value
judgement about mores.
Less effective than mores.
Less deeply routed in
society.
Change more rapidly.
Means customs which
determine the right & wrong
mode of behaviour.
Imply value judgment
about folkway.
More effective.
More deeply rooted in
society.
Change less frequently.

24. Folkway Mores
Change with one’s social
status & occupation position.
Less dominant over
individual’s life.
Simple in nature.
Donot change in this way.
More stable, dominant.
Wider & general in
character.

25. “Customistheuniformapprovedwayof
acting,transmittedfromgenerationto
generation,bytradition&usuallymade
effectivebysocialapproval”
AcctoAnderson&Parker
“customs&traditionsaregroupaccepted
techniqueofcontrolthathavebecomewell
establishedthataretakenforgranted&that
arepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.”
AcctoBogardus

26. Customisasocialphenomenon ,Whichis
sociallyrecognizedgotsocialsignificance&
normativeinnature.Itrepresentsroutineacts
ofdailylifeofthepeople,thenenjoysocial
sanction.
Ithasagreatsignificance,inherited.
Customareconsidertobeconductivetothe
welfareofthesociety.
Customsarevariedinnature,e.g.Forthe
performanceofmarriage;variedreligions
performsindifferentmanner.

27. Originofcustomisobscure-itisvery
difficulttoascertaintheexactwayinwhich
customsemerged.
Customsarerelativelydurable,spontaneous
innature.
Allcustomsarenottraditional.
Unconsciouslycustomsaremaintainedas
theyarestronglyimbeddedingrouplife.

28. Customsareconsideredasimportant
meansofcontrollingsocialbehaviour.The
customsarefoundineachcommunityor
country,thereisnocountry,communityor
groupwherethereisnotanycustom.The
membersofthesocietyfollowthecustoms
asbeingpartofit.

29. It preserve the culture.
It brings the person together.
It develop the social relationship.
It helps in process of learning.
They help in social adjustment with many
social problems.
They provide a sense of security in human
society.
It builds the personality of human being.
It change & mould the attitude & ideas.
It regulate the behaviour of human being.

30. Customistheresultofhabit.However,habits
arecreatedbycustomsalso.Thesetwoi.e.
custom&habitsareinter-relatedinsocial
life.
Custom create Habit
Inroutine,thewordcustomisused
synonymous withhabit,Butthereis
differencebetweencustom&habit.

31. Acting in particular
way which is socially
accepted
Repetition of act
when faced with a
similar situation
Habit
Custom
Act becomes
frequently
recurring
experience

32. “Fashionisaseriesofrecurringchangesin
thechoiceofagroupofpeoplewhich,
throughtheymayaccompanybyutility,not
determinedbyit.”
AcctoE.A.Ross
“Fashionissociallyapprovedsequenceof
variationonacustomarytheme.”
AcctoMaclver

33. Fashionisforshorttimeperiod.
Itisdynamicinnature.
Fashionisagroupchoice.
Fashionmayormaynotbeuseful.
Itembracelargeproportionofhumanlife.
Itisfoundineverygroup,communityor
society.
Itspreadfromonecornertoanothercornerof
world.
Fashionisrapidlychanged.Itisdifficultto
stepwithchangingfashion.

34. Fashionplaysavitalroleinsocial
life&havestrongholdoverthe
people.Thefashionismore
prevalentinmodernsocietythan
primitivesocietybecauseof:
Development ofmeans of
communication.
Affluenceofrichsociety.
Urbanisation

35. Satisfiesthehumandesire,whichisimportant
forlivinginsociety.
Preparesthemindofpeopleforachange.
Helpstobridgethegreatertransitionsof
processofsocialchange.
Enhancetheprestigeofupperclassamongthe
individualwhoinitiateit.
Modifiestherigidityofcustoms.
Introduceacommonpatternintotheareaof
indifference.

36. Custom Fashion
Uniform approved ways of
acting & passed from
generation to generation.
Customs are followed from
time immemorial.
Custom grow in society &
follow as a matter of habit.
Custom stand for sociality
& is followed by all members
of a community.
Fashion are folkways
which survive for a short
time.
It is followed as it has
never been followed earlier.
It is created & followed
with a purpose in mind.
It stands for individuality
as fashion is started by
somebody.

37. Custom Fashion
Custom is followed by
individual to identify himself
with the rest of the member
of the society.
Custom is concerned with
important , intimate life &
temperament of group.
Fashion is followed to
distinguish oneself from
others.
Fashion is concerned with
superficial matters.

38. Law Custom
Body of rules made by
state & interpreted by
courts of land.
Law is abolished by a
recognised authority.
Law require special agency
for its enforcement.
Law is deliberately made
by definite body of state or
centre.
Uniformed approved way of
acting & passed from
generation to generation.
Custom disappears without
formal abolition.
Custom does not require
special agency.
Custom is a group of
procedure that has emerged
gradually.

39. Law custom
Law is specific, clear &
definite.
Law is flexible , as it can
readily adjust itself to
changing condition.
Law deals with matters
which are important to life of
society.
Custom is not specific,
clear or definite.
Custom Is relatively fixed &
permanent & cannot be
changed readily.
Custom deals with ordinary
& familiar subject matter.

40. NurseasamemberofHealthteamprovides
preventive,curative&rehabilitativeserviceto
people.
Shecanassesstheindividualswhosebehaviour&
attitudeisnotinconformitywithsociety.
Shecanusevariousmeansofsocialcontrolsuch
aseducation&lawtoachievethesocialcontrol.
E.gamanwhoisinhabitofabusing&creating
violenceinfamilyduetohisimproperattitude&
behaviourasaresultofdrinkinghabit.

41. Nursecanusemeansofsocialcontrolsuchas
educationbytellingthedisadvantagesofalcohol
&canenforcethelawsthroughthepolice.
Sheteachesalltheindividualsinthecommunity
tobeinconformitywithgroupvalues,norms,
folkway&mores.
Withtheknowledgeofallsocialcontrol
measures,shecankeepherselfinpacewith
thesetowintheconfidence,Initiate&maintain
goodIPR.

42. Shecanshowtherespectfornorms,value,
folkways&moreofthegroup/familywhile
assessing,caring&evaluatingthehealthneeds
ofthemembersofthefamily.
Sheworksincollaborationwithother
departments&teammembers.Forsmooth
functioning,sheusestheknowledgeofsocial
control&triestounderstandthebehaviour&
attitude,ifshefindsanyoneviolatingthelaw,
norms,folkwaysetc.Sheimposessanction&
takesthehelpofsocialcontroltomodifytheir
attitude.

43. Factors
determining
conformity
to norms
Position
of an
individual
Behaviour &
attitude
Cohesiven
-essof
group
Acceptance by
group
members
High need
of social
approval
Satisfaction
of socio
emotional
needs
Sanctions

44. Satisfactionofsocioemotionalneeds:
Ingroups,theconformityishighwhenthe
membersofgroupenjoythetask&theirsocio
emotionalneedsaresatisfied.Incasewhentask
areboring,theconformityofnormsislowin
thegroup.
Sanctions:Thesanctionsimposedfornon
conformityofnorms,iftheyareweak,the
conformityofnormswillalsobelow.
Highneedofsocialapproval:Normsare
consideredasstandardofbehaviourwhich
needstobefollowed.Itmeansnormsimplya
senseofobligation.

45. Ifanindividualviolatesthenorms,hisaction
isdisapprovedbythesociety.Then,the
violatersaresubjecttofine,imprisonment&
alsosufferfromprestige.Theindividual
whoseactionisinaccordancewithnorms,
thentheindividualrecievesthepositive
rewardsuchaspraise,promotion.
Behaviour&attitude:Thenormsencourage
thebehaviourthatensuresmaximum
satisfaction&discouragesbehaviourthat
interfereswithsatisfaction.

46. Cohesiveness:Ifseeningroups,thesenorms
arefoundinconformityorinsomegroupbut
notinothers.
Acceptancebygroupmembers :Ifthe
membersfeelsthattheyareaccepted,thehigh
degreeofconformityislikelytooccur.Butin
caseofrejectionbygroup,thenlesslikelyto
haveconformitytonorms.
Position:Thedegreeofconformitytonorms
isdeterminedbytheextanttowhichan
individualisexposedtopublicview.Ifan
individualisofhighstatusposition,heismore
exposedtopublicview&havethepressureto
conformtonorms.

47. Other factors : There are certain others
factors which show the conformity of norm:
Submissiveness
Low in self confidence
More authoritarian
Less intelligent
Low in need of achievement
High in need for social approval