Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)

Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS-4)
Introduction to Psychology presentation (measure Intelligence)

1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Topic; Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale

2. In 1930, the psychologist David Wechsler provided this scale for measuring intelligence. Wechsler define intelligence as: “the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment” Wechsler adult intelligence scale Wechsler’s argument, is that general intelligence is composed of various specific and interrelated functions or elements that can be individually measured.

3. Wechsler’s first test was “The Wechsler Bellevue Scale” published in 1939, designed for adults. By 1955, he revised Wechsler Bellevue scale into its modern form, The Wechsler Adult intelligence scale (WAIS). He revised it in 1981 as WAIS-R and again in 1997 the WAIS-III. HISTORY

4. It is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV) released in 2008 by Pearson, and is the most widely used IQ test, for both adults and older adolescents, in the world . HISTORY This scale is suitable for adults (age range 16-90) and this scale is highly reliable.

5.  Research has shown that the Wechsler test is one of the most well-designed tests to measure intelligence. The basic purpose of this test is to provide an appropriate items/material for measuring intelligence of adults or adolescents and also provide an  accurate  description of a person's intelligence . One benefit of this approach is that the pattern of scores can also provide useful information. For example, scoring high in certain areas but low in others might indicate the presence of a specific learning disability PURPOSE

6. CRITICISM Wechsler argued that the Binet scale items were not valid for adult test-takers because the items were chosen specifically for use with children and he discovered first scale for adults . Wechsler believed that "mental age norms clearly did not apply to adults Wechsler did not agree with the idea of a single score that the Binet test gave The "Binet scale's emphasis on speed, with timed tasks scattered throughout the scale, tended to unduly handicap older adults

7. WECHSLER SCALE (WAIS- R) The WAIS-R , a revised form of the WAIS, was released in 1981 The seven adult age groups( ranging from 20-24 to 70-74years ) in the WAIS-R standardization sample, comprising a sample of 1480 men and women, provided the data source. The data were analyzed using regressioanalysis and a weighted means approach. The 25-34 year age group served as the target sample for this study.

8. WAIS-R consisted of six verbal subtest(Information, comprehension, Arithmetic, Digit Span, Similarities, and Vocabulary) The five performances subtests ( Picture Arrangement, Picture Completion, Block Design, Object Assembly, and Digit Symbol) This revised edition did not provide new validity data. The subtests was developed to measure non- verbal reasoning and the ability to understand abstract visual information.

9. WAIS-III edition discovered in 1997 A WAIS-III version has been published in the United Kingdom. WAIS-III provides a variety of summary scores regarding tests- takers' intellectual abilities. Index scores with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. The WAIS-III yields three IQ scores( Verbal IQ, performance IQ , and Full Scale IQ) WAIS-III

10. WAIS-III Have four Index scores ( Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Working Memory, and Processing Speed). The WAIS-III is used to access the general thinking and reasoning skills of individuals aged 16-89 years. The test provides several types of scores in interrupting Richard's intellectual functioning depending on the number of subsets administered.

11. Verbal IQ test: A VIQ test is a test that gauges your child's capacity to use language in expressing himself and understanding the people in his surroundings. It usually includes measurement in reading skills, writing skills, extent of vocabulary, and how a person communicates with words. It is also a way of determining your child's capability in using verbal skills in providing reasoning for his choices and explaining verbal and conceptual information.

12. VIQ test consists of six categories Information : In this test, questions about literature and geography will asked. Digit span: will be asked to repeat series of digits recited by the one giving the test. Arithmetic test: This is a test in basic arithmetic skills. Vocabulary test: This test is to determine the extent of vocabulary. Comprehension test: In this test, asked to solve simple and practical problems and give the rational of the chosen intervention and actions done. Similarities test : in this test, asked about similarities in a pair of items.

13. EXAMPLES:

14. Performance IQ test Performance IQ test is a score resulting from a test that assesses your child's mental capacity in dealing with nonverbal skills. A PIQ test requires actual physical handling of certain objects, such as picture cards and puzzles, in front of the examiner or psychologist. Therefore, PIQ tests found on the Internet are not reliable and accurate. It is best to consult with a licensed psychologist for an actual PIQ test.

15. It is comprised of five different scales for evaluation, namely; Picture Completion: presented with different pictures that are missing a detail. Picture Arrangement: picture arrangement consist of n items. Each item consist of a set of picture cards that tell a story. Block Design: presented with different shapes of blocks and asked to copy a certain arrangement or design by putting the pieces of blocks together. Digit Symbol: the examine is show a series of symbols that are paired with numbers. Using a key, the examine draws each symbol under its corresponding number. Object Assembly: presented with different materials and asked to make an entire object by using the different materials presented to him. An example would be completing a simple puzzle in 90 seconds.

16. EXAMPLES

17. WAIS-IV   (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition WAIS-IV

18. WAIS-IV and its Use The  WAIS - IV  is the “gold standard” in cognitive assessment and claims to  measure  intellectual performance. The  WAIS ® - IV  is intended for use with adults ages 16 to 90. The assessment measures cognitive ability using a core battery of 10 unique subtests that focus on four specific domains of intelligence: verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed .

19. The WAIS-IV measures intellectual performance as a multidimensional construct. The test contains numerous scales (Indices) assessing qualitatively different types of intellectual functioning. Current intelligence tests view intelligence not as specific abilities emanating from a “general” intellectual capacity, but as different types of intelligence, each being of equal importance. WAIS-IV MEASURES

20. Index scores and scales The WAIS-IV contains 10 core subtests and 5 additional optional subtests. These are summed to four indexes : There are four index scores representing major components of intelligence: Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) Working Memory Index (WMI) Processing Speed Index (PSI) Two broad scores, which can be used to summarize general intellectual ability: Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), based on the total combined performance of the VCI, PRI, WMI, and PSI General Ability Index (GAI), based only on the six subtests that the VCI and PRI comprise.

21. AGE RANGE AND USES The WAIS-IV measure is appropriate for use with individuals aged 16-90 years. For individuals under 16 years, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC, 6-16 years). And the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI, 2 ½ -7 years, 7 months).

22. AGE RANGE AND USES The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) uses; Vocabulary Similarities Block design Matrix reasoning subtests similar to those of the WAIS to provide an estimate of full scale IQ in appropriately 30 minutes.

23. INTELLIGENCE TEST Intelligence tests may also be utilized in populations with psychiatric illness or brain injury. In order to assess level of cognition functioning, though some regard this use as controversial. Rehabilitation psychologists and neuropsychologists use the WAIS-IV to assess how the brain is functioning after injury.

24. WAIS-RNI Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised as a Neurophysiological Instrument, another measure was published by Harcourt. Each subtest scores tallied and calculated with respect to neurotypical or brain-injury norms. As the WAIS is developed for the average, non-injured individual, separate norms were developed for appropriate comparison among similar functioning individuals.

25. 1. Which number is next: 1,3,5,7,  8    7     9      10     1 2. Which figure follows the sequence?   3. MATH is to HTAM as 9521 is to  8410     0632      1259      2360     0148 4. Which figure follows the sequence? * IQ TEST DESIGNED ACCORDING TO WAIS SCALE

26.   5. Which animal is least like the others ?  Elephant     donkey     dog     horse      ostrich 6. How many squares appear in the picture below? 4       5       7      9      1 7. Which number follows the sequence: 1,4,9,16,  26     24     35     9      25

27. 8. Which figure follows the sequence 9.  DRAWSZENLIT is an anagram of? City     mountain     river     country      mathematician 10. What is moratorium?          A suspension or delay      a collection of archives      a dungeon      a type of structure    A mystic creature

28. 11.  On which target has 220 been scored? 12.  How many lines appear below? 12     13      14       15      16

29. 13 .  What comes next: AB DE HI MN??  XY     OP     RS     UV      ST 14 . Which of the anagrams below is an animal?          Key worn      Acadian       Akron ago      teerevs      tarhe 15 .   PEA EYE TEA WHY what word is represented above?  Plot     year      pity      time      human 16 . What month comes next: January, March, June?          January      August      September       October      November

30. 17.  What number should replace the question mark? 7      8      9     10     11 18. What comes next: 0, 1, 3, 7, 15,          30       3      32      31     16 19.  I am four times as old as my brother and in two years’ time I will be just three times as old. In how many years will I be twice as old as my brother?  6      7     8     9     10

31. 20.  Which set of figures is the odd one out?  ♠♆♥☺♣♄♦@ ♦☺♠♣♄@♆♥ * ☺♣♄♦@ ♠♆♥  @♠♆♥☺♣♄♦ 

32. IQ SCORING: Age range ( 17-20 years) We should apply this scale on female participant, her IQ level is 94 and she has completed this test in about 9 minutes and 18 secs. MALE PARTICIAPANT IQ LEVEL : We should apply this scale on male participant, his IQ level is 115 and he has completed this test in about 5 minutes and 52 secs. Compare male and female IQ: Usually men were high scorer as compare to women because mathematical abilities and verbal abilities is higher in men and men also show variability in quantitative reasoning, spelling correction and general knowledge. So, this is obvious that a little difference exist between males and females IQ. FEMALE PARTICIPANT IQ LEVEL:

33. 0-39 severely challenged (0.13% of the population) 40-69 challenged (2.14% of the population) 70-85 Below average (13.59% of the population) 85-115 Average (68.26% of the population) 115-130 Above average (13.59% of the population) 130-145 Gifted (2.14% of the population) 145+ Genius (less than 0.13% of the population) IQ SCORE CHART

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