Weed control strategy in wheat

Describes common weed flora of wheat and strategy for its management.

1. Weed Management in Wheat crop in India.
Dr. Subhomay Sinha, W.B.A.S.

2. ֎Weedscompeteforsunlight,soilmoisture,nutrientsandspace.
֎Dependinguponnatureofweedfloraanddegreeofinfestation,
yieldlossesupto15–30%couldoccurduetoweedinfestationin
wheat.
֎Initial30–35daysaftersowingisverycrucialforweedgrowth.So
weedcontrolmeasuresshouldbetakenduringthisperiodtoattain
maximumgrainyield.

3. List of important weeds of Wheat, found in India under different Agro –Climatic condition

4. Identification of problematic
weed flora of WHEAT

5. Grassy Weeds
Phalarisminor

6. Grassy Weeds
Avenafatua

7. Grassy Weeds
Loliumtemunentum

8. Grassy Weeds
Poaannua

9. Eleusine
indica
Grassy Weeds

10. Grassy Weeds
leptochloachinensis

11. Sedges Weeds
Cyperusrotundus

12. Broad leaved Weeds
Chenopodiumalbum

13. Broad leaved Weeds
Fumariaparviflora

14. Broad leaved Weeds
Viciasativa

15. Broad leaved Weeds
Anagalisarvensis.

16. Broad leaved Weeds
Melilotusindicus

17. Broad leaved Weeds
Lathyrusaphaca

18. Rumexdenticulata
Broad leaved Weeds

19. Cichoriumintybus
Broad leaved Weeds

20. Carthamusoxyacantha
Broad leaved Weeds

21. Convolvulus arvensis
Broad leaved Weeds

22. Cirsiumarvense
Broad leaved Weeds

23. Ageratum conyzodes
Broad leaved Weeds

24. Argemonemexicana
Broad leaved Weeds

25. Cynodondactylon
Broad leaved Weeds

26. Cardiospermumhelicacabam
Broad leaved Weeds

27. Euphorbia helioscopia
Broad leaved Weeds

28. Broad leaved Weeds
Euphorbia hirta

29. Broad leaved Weeds
Medicagodenticulata

30. Broad leaved Weeds
Partheniumhysterophorus

31. Oxalis spp.
Broad leaved Weeds

32. Broad leaved Weeds
Coronopusdidymus

33. Broad leaved Weeds
Solanumnigrum

34. Broad leaved Weeds
Amaranthusviridis

35. Broad leaved Weeds
Melilotusalba

36. Broad leaved Weeds
Caesuliaaxillaris

37. Management of Weeds in wheat field Cultural control
Useofcertifiedwheatseeds,freefromweedsandother
contaminants.
Earlysowinginthefield,priorto15
th
Nov,withcloserspacing
(<18cm)couldavoidweedinfestation.Linesowingismore
beneficialthanconventionalbroadcasting.
Sowingwithzerotillseedcumfertilizerdrillensures
minimizesweedseedgermination.
Fertilizershouldbeappliedatrootzoneofwheatcroptoavoid
uptakeoffertilizerbyweeds.
Bundsandirrigationchannelsshouldbefreefromweeds.
Quickandfastgrowingvarietiesofwheatshouldbeselected,
whichcanovercomeweedcompetition.

38. Management of Weeds in wheat field Cultural control
Tractors,powertillersetcshouldbeproperlycleanedbefore
startinganysowingoperation.Thishelpstoreduce
contaminationofweedseedswithwheatseeds,whichmight
takingplacethroughfarmmachineries.
CroprotationlikeWheat–Jute–Ricecanbreakthecycleof
weeddominanceandreducesweedpressure.
Useofstrawmulchcouldminimizeweedproblem.Itcouldbe
achievedbysowingwheatseedwithHappyseederinfields,
wherericewasgrownaspreviouscrop.Happyseederisable
tosowwheatseedsinricefield,andthericestrawcouldbe
usedasmulch.

39. Management of Weeds in wheat field
Mechanical control
Handhoeingandhandpullingofweeds,employinghuman
labour,thoughitiscostlyandtimetakingmethod.Hand
weedingshouldbedoneat30–45DAStogetthebestresult.
Beforesowingofwheat,oneortwoblindtillageisbeneficial
tosuppressweedgrowth.
Weedcontrolbystalebedtechniqueisalsoeffective.

40. Management of Weeds in wheat field
Chemical control
As pre -emergence
PENDIMETHELENE30 EC can be used at 0 –3 days after sowing. It is
applied as spray on the field @ 1.5 mL / L of water. It controls grasses as well
as broad leaved weeds. During spray, there should be moisture in the field.

41. Management of Weeds in wheat field
Chemical control
As post -emergence
For controlling broad leaved and grassy weeds
1.SULFOSULFURON @25gma.i./ha,dissolvingin300Lofwater
[email protected]./ha,dissolvingin500Lofwater.
3.PINOXADEN @60gma.i./ha,dissolvingin500Lofwater
4.MixtureofSULFOSULFURON @25gma.i./ha& METSULFURONMETHYL
@4gma.i./hain500Lofwater.
5.ISOPROTURON @750–1000gma.i./ha,dissolvingin800Lofwater.
6.FENOXAPROP–P–ETHYL @100gma.i./ha,dissolvingin500Lofwater.
These should be applied within 21 –30 days of sowing, after giving 1
st
irrigation.

42. Management of Weeds in wheat field
Chemical control
As post -emergence
For controlling of grassy weeds only
1.CLODINAFOP–PROPAGYL @60gma.i./ha,dissolvingin300Lof
water
[email protected]./ha,dissolvingin500Lofwater.
3.FENOXAPROP–P–ETHYL @100gma.i./ha,dissolvingin500Lof
water
These should be applied within 21 –30 days of sowing, after giving 1
st
irrigation.

43. Management of Weeds in wheat field
Chemical control
As post -emergence
For controlling of broad leaved weeds only
a)2,4–D–SODIUMSALT @800gma.i./ha,dissolvingin500Lof
water
b)METSULFURONMETHYL @20gma.i./ha,dissolvingin300Lof
water.
These should be applied within 21 –30 days of sowing, after giving 1
st
irrigation.

44. Sulfosulfuron75 % WG
Example of some commercial herbicide formulation

45. Sulfosulfuron75 % + MetsulfuronMethyl 5 % WDG
Example of some commercial herbicide formulation

46. Metribuzin70 % WP
Example of some commercial herbicide formulation

47. Pinoxaden5.1 EC
Example of some commercial herbicide formulation

48. Clodinafop–propagyl15 % WP
Example of some commercial
herbicide formulation

49. Example of some commercial herbicide formulation
Isoproturon75 % WP

50. Example of some commercial herbicide formulation
MetsulfuronMethyl 20 % WP

51. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3 EC
Example of some commercial herbicide formulation

52. Example of some commercial herbicide formulation
2, 4-D Ethyl Ester, 38 % EC

53. Example of some commercial herbicide formulation
2, 4-D Sodium salt, 80 % EC.

54. 2, 4-D Amine salt, 58 % EC.
Example of some commercial herbicide formulation

55. Precautions :
Incaseofmixedcropping/intercroppingwithothercropslike
mustard,linseed,etc,careshouldbetakenbeforeselection&
applicationofherbicides.
Postemergenceherbicidesshouldonlybeappliedasspray.It
shouldneverbeenappliedbymixingwithsand/soilorwith
ureafertilizers.
Clodinafor–propergylandFenoxipropshouldnotbemixed
with2,4–D.
Sprayshouldbedoneduringsunnydays,whenfoliageisdry.
Floodingorheavyirrigationreducestheeffectofherbicides.So
lightirrigationshouldbeprovided.