Week 1- Introduction to computer fundamental .ppt

ICF lecture

1. WEEK 01
Introduction to CF

2. Course Objectives
Discuss Fundamental Concepts of Information
Technology (IT)
Show how Computers are Used as Practical Tools for
Solving Personal, Business, and Academic Problems
Learn Basic Computer Skills that Enables the Students
Explore IT World
Enabling students to work with various office software's

3. Course Contents
 Introduction to IT
 Computing & Communication
 Understanding Computer
Difference between Data & Information
Number System
 Peripheral Devices
 Connectivity, Interactivity & Multimedia
 Internet Access Devices
World Wide Web
 Browsers & Search Engines
 Web Page Basic Design
 Application Software
 Microsoft Office
 System Unit
 Storage Devices
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Telecommunications
 Digital Communication
 Networks & Protocols
 Databases
 Computer Security
 E-Commerce
 Artificial Intelligence
 System Development
Operating Systems
 Hardware Technology

4. Books
Reference Books
Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers latest
Edition
Computer Fundamentals by P.K. Sinha
www.howstuffworks.com
www.whatis.com

5. Evaluation
Quizzes (10-15 Min.) 15%
Assignments 10%
Mid-terms 25%
Final 50%
Total 100%

6. Rules
No late work will be accepted (unless arrangements have
been made in advance)
Ask questions; participate actively in class
Turn off Cell Phones in the Class and Lab
You are responsible for what is covered in class – even if
you don’t show up
Deficiency in attendance may lead to termination
or relegation
You are encouraged to help each other with your homework
assignments – but you must turn in your own work
Plagiarism is not allowed
If you are found to be cheating, you will fail at least the
assignment / test and perhaps the entire class

7. Rules
Quizzes are unannounced

8. Characteristics of a Computer
SPEED 
: In general, no human being can compete
to solving the complex computation, faster than
computer.
ACCURACY
 
: Since Computer is programmed, so
what ever input we give it gives result with accuracy.
STORAGE 
: Computer can store mass storage of
data with appropriate format.

9. DILIGENCE 
: Computer can work for hours
without any break and creating error.
VERSATILITY 
: We can use computer to perform
completely different type of work at the same time.
POWER OF REMEMBERING 
: It can remember
data for us.

10. NO IQ 
: Computer does not work without
instruction.
NO FEELING 
: Computer does not have emotions,
knowledge, experience, feeling.

11. Computer
•Word computer came from the word ‘compute’ which
means to calculate
•Thereby, computer is an electronic device that performs
arithmetic operations at a very high speed
•Also called data processor because it can process, store and
retrieve data whenever required

12. Data Processing
Data is a raw material used as an input and
information is a processed data obtained as an
output of data processing.

13. Computers In History
A computer is something that computes.
Up until the end of World War II, a computer was a person
who computed. She might use a pencil (a pen if she were
particularly confident of her results), and even a
mechanical calculator.
The early machines for mathematics were once all known as
calculators.
Charles Babbage, a 19th-century English country gentleman
conceived the idea of a machine that would replace the
human computers used to calculate values.

14. Computers In History
Babbage foresaw his mechanical computer-replacement as
having three advantages over those who used pencil and paper:
The machine would eliminate mistakes.
it would be faster.
and it would be cheaper.
The word computer was first applied to machines after electricity
replaced blood as the working medium inside them.
The first of these machines—a mechanical computer of which
Babbage would have been proud—was the IBM-financed
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, which is often called
Harvard Mark I. The five-ton design included 750,000 parts,
including switches, relays, and rotating shafts and clutches. It
stretched out for 50 feet and was eight feet tall.

15. Computers In History
Many of the fundamentals of today's computers first took
form in the partly electronic, partly mechanical machine
devised by John Vincent Atanasoff at Iowa State College
(now University).
His ideas and a prototype built with the aid of graduate
student Clifford Berry have become a legend known as
the Atanasoff Berry Computer (with the acronym ABC),
the first electronic digital computer—although it was
never at that period called a "computer." Iowa State
called the device "the world's fastest calculator" as late as
1942.
It introduced the concept of binary arithmetic and logic
circuits.

16. Computers In History
In Britain, crypto-analysts developed a vacuum-tube device they called
Colossus that some people now call the first electronic computer.
Colossus used to decode German secret messages
In 1943,ENIAC (the most complex vacuum tube-based device ever
made) was first proposed as a collaboration between the United States
Army and the University of Pennsylvania. ENIAC stands for the
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
In Hollywood, such thinking machines grew even bigger and took over
the world, at least in 1950s science fiction movies.
Scientists tried to figure out how to squeeze a room-sized computer into
a space capsule .
The scientists pretty much figured things out—they created the
microprocessor (1971) .
Once the microprocessor hit, however, thinkers figured how to make
small computers cheap enough that everyone could afford one.
Computers became personal

17. Some well-known computers

18. Computer Generations
“Generation” in computer talk is a step in
technology. It provides a framework for the growth
of computer industry
Till today, there are five computer generations

19. Computer Generations

23. Basic Operations of a Computer System
Inputting: entering data and instruction to
computer
Storing : saving data and instructions to make
them available for processing whenever required
Processing: performing arithmetic operations or
logical operation to convert data into useful
information

24. Outputting: process of producing useful information
to the user
Controlling: Directing the manner and sequence in
which the operations must be performed

26. Input Unit
Accepts instruction and data from outside world
Converts these instructions in computer readable
form
Supplies the converted instructions and data to the
computer system for further processing

27. Input Devices
Mouse
Keyboard
Joystick
Light pen
Bar Code
Reader
Tablet
Camera
Microphone

28. Output Unit
Accepts the results produced by the computer
( which are in coded form, hence cannot be
understood by us)
It transforms these instructions to human readable
form
Supplies the results to outside world

29. Output Devices
Printer - laser, inkjet, dotmatrix
Plotter - flatbed, drum
Speakers
Monitor - CRT, LCD, projector

30. Storage unit
It holds
Data and instructions for processing
Intermediate results of processing
Final results of processing before they are released to
an output device

31. Types of Storage
Primary storage
Secondary Storage

32. Primary Storage
Used to hold running program instructions
Used to hold data, intermediate results and results of
on-going jobs
Fast in operation
Small capacity
Expensive
Volatile ( looses data on power dissipation)

33. RAM: (Random Access memory)
Electronic scratch pad inside a computer
RAM holds the data, while CPU works with them
Volatile
Tremendous impact on speed

34. Secondary Storage
Used to hold Stored program instructions
Used to hold data and information of Stored
programs
Slower than primary storage
Large capacity
Lot cheaper
Non-volatile ( retains data even without power)

35. Storage devices
Electronic file cabinet
Storage devices VS Primary Storage(RAM)
More room in storage devices
Contents are retained
Storage devices are much slower
Magnetic storage(hard disk, floppy disk)
Optical storage( CDs, DVDs)

36. Arithmetic Logic Unit
Where actual executions of the instructions takes
place during processing operation
It includes arithmetic & logical operations

37. Control Unit
Manages and coordinates the operations of all other
components of a computer system
Acts as a central nervous system

38. Central Processing Unit
Brain of a computer
Responsible for controlling the operations of all
other units of a computer system

39. Computer System
• Hardware - physical parts of the computer
• Software - instructions to the computer
• Data - raw facts the computer can manipulate
• People - also known as users

41. Computer Hardware
Any part of the computer you can touch.
• Processor
• Memory
• Input and Output Devices
• Storage Devices

42. Output
Some types of hardware devices.
Storage
Input
Processor
Input and
output
Memory

43. Software
Software - electronic instructions to the computer.
Also referred to as a “program.”
Two types:
• System Software(Operating System)
• Application Software

44. System Software
•Operating Systems
• Windows 95
• Windows 98
• Linux
• Disk Utilities

45. Application Software:
• Word Processing
• Spreadsheets
• Graphics
• Databases
• Entertainment
• Educational
• Communications
• Presentation

46. 46
So A Computer Is
an electronic device
operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory unit
that can accept data (input)
process data arithmetically and logically
produce results (output)
and store the results for future use

47. 47
So A Computer Is
Does not create information
Cannot think (unlike brain).
Future: Network - Sharing information. (Internet &
Intranet)