Week 14 - 15 Introduction to literacy in Translation.pptx

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1. Introduction to Literary Translation

2. Translation “Translation, like politics, is an art of the possible; compromise is inevitable and universal.” John Bester

3. Translating Poem ENGLISH BAHASA INDONESIA I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. “I wandered lonely as a cloud (Daffodils)” by William Wordsworth Berkelana aku sepi bagai awan Membumbung tinggi atas lembah dan berbukit, Seketika aku berjumpa keramaian, Serumpun dafodil kuning, Di tepi danau, di naungan pohon, Melambai menari diembus angin Dafodil oleh Asra Wijaya (terjemahan)

4. Technical vs Literary Translation Technical translation focuses on information whereas literary translation focuses on the way the information is delivered. (a lively, highly readable translation) VS (a stilted, rigid and artificial rendering that strips the original of its soul)

5. Technical vs Literary Translation More than other branches of the translator's art, literary translation entails an unending skein of choices; choices of words, fidelity, emphasis, punctuation, register, even spelling. Therefore, no two translations of the same work would ever be the same.

6. Types Translation of literary texts includes: literary translation of books, articles, stories and other types of prose, literary translation of poetry, translation of advertising materials, translation of other texts that requires a creative and flexible approach.

7. Capabilities of Literary Translator Translation of literature is fundamentally different from other categories. Main principle of literary translation is the dominance of poetic communicative function. Rendering information to the reader AND artistic image created in the particular literary work

8. Capabilities of a Literary Translator? tone, style, flexibility, inventiveness, knowledge of SL culture, ability to glean meaning from ambiguity, an ear for sonority and humility!

9. Knowledge Knowledge of the target culture is crucial for successful English-Indonesian-English translation. Poor comprehension may arise from lack of insight into the target culture. Culture is the complex whole, which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities or habits acquired by man as a member of society

10. Prevailing View A translation should reproduce in the TL reader the same emotional and psychological reaction produced in the original SL reader not without its hazards??? --- reproduce boredom? Incoherence? Factual errors?

11. It is said… "A successful translation must sound somewhat alien, strange, not because it is awkward or unaware of the resources of the second language, but because it expresses something new in it." Murat Nemet Nejat

12. Transparency What is transparency? (vs Fidelity?) Translator’s invisibility A view to reappraising the role of the translator as AGENT A translation should not read like a translation (how far?) Such as “what a hero!” 🡪 “Dia benar-benar pahlawan sejati!”

13. Resistance The resistance of SL culture and SL language to being shoehorned into a dissimilar cultural-linguistic frame. Translators who follow “resistance theory” deliberately avoid excluding any elements that betray the " otherness " of the text's origin.

14. Word-for-word OR Thought-for-thought One problem is trying to squeeze every last kernel of meaning from the SL text The result of overly zealous concern for "fidelity" to the original. Don't go word-for-word!

15. Word-for-word OR Thought-for-thought Thought-for-thought should help you render more fluent or transparent translations, especially with highly emotional discourse. The goal is to translate not what the author wrote, rather what the author meant. A competent translation will find an equivalent phrase in the TL.

16. Adaptation It is not straight translation When translating for the theater (translating or rewriting?) When translating for a movie "We must flee at once before the nitroglycerin explodes into a raging inferno, destroying our escape route and leaving this entire building a charred ember!“

17. Puns and wordplay No aspect of translation is more frustrating and more rewarding Most puns are untranslatable. But the effect can be reproduced (such as humour)

18. Adaptation & Puns "Mine is a long and a sad tale!"said the mouse turning to Alice and sighing. "it is a long tail, certainly" said Alice, looking down with wonder to the mouse’s tail " but why do you call it sad?"

19. Register non-technical/technical, informal/formal, urban/rural, standard/regional, jargon/non-jargon, vulgarity/propriety

20. Check this out! Naught have I (archaic) Nothing have I (poetic) I have nothing (standard or formal, written) I don't have anything (standard, colloquial, more spoken) I don't have nothing (substandard, almost always spoken) I ain't got nothing (substandard, spoken) I don't got nothing (substandard, dialect)

21. How about… kidding – joking – jesting – japing – bullshitting-- die – kick the bucket – pass away – study the geology of holy ground

22. Tone It is the overall feeling conveyed by an utterance, a passage, or an entire work, whether consciously or unconsciously It can be: humour, irony, sincerity, earnestness, naïveté, or any sentiment. It can shift mid-paragraph It helps in dealing with puns, and indirect allusions

23. Style It is more than just specific words It can be the ratio of long sentences to shorter ones, paragraph division, figures of speech, periodic sentences, etc.

24. Style In theory, style in a translator is "oxymoron". Remain invisible! Retain the individual idiosyncrasies of the writer. In practice, the translator consciously or unconsciously displays a characteristic mode of expression. (couch/sofa, curtains/drapes)

25. Case Study The author's style is characterized by commas separating half a dozen of run-on sentences! Decision one: break the passage into discrete sentences. The result might be a stop-and-go effect, which is the opposite of the hurry-hurry, out-of-breath pace intended by the author Decision two: use semicolons instead of commas. The result might be a bookish, academic look Decision three: use a dash here and there Decision four: leave it as is, hoping for an exotic flavor!

26. Cultural Allusions Sometimes a text makes reference to persons, objects and institutions not really understood by another culture. If they are familiar to the SL reader, they are often meaningless to the TL reader. How should this problem be solved?

27. Allusions ST: Did you think you were Sir Lancelot to involve in such a big fight? ST: Your story is similar to that of Romeo and Juliet.

28. Bridging Cultural Gap in Translation The greater the cultural distance between the source culture and the target culture, the more the translator will need to bridge that gap! Whether to provide sufficient background- a great deal, not much, not at all… Three Options: footnotes, interpolation, omission

29. Footnotes yes, they convey the maximum possible amount of information Yet! They break the flow, continually drawing the eye away from the text; thus, disrupting the "willing suspension of disbelief" The book's primary purpose will help you decide!

30. Interpolation It is adding parenthetical word or phrase They should be done carefully and with consideration for the rhythmic flow of language. Keep them short!

31. Omission leaving the reader to his own devices . e.g. money (type or sum)

32. THANK YOU