Western philosophy

Introduction to philosophy G12 i hope this can help

1. Western Philosophy By: NOAH M. CANCIO

2. The development of Western Philosophy is define by the emergence of various school of thought in various periods in history

3. Ancient Rome (1 st century BCE to 5 th century BCE Stoicism Emphasis on morality, virtue, calm and emotional fortitude

4. Medieval Period (5 th to 15 th centuries) SCHOLASTICISM Application of philosophy to define and explain religious doctrines

5. Renaissance (14 th to 17 th centuries) Emphasis on human person; use of philosophy to understand the society, nature and humanity Humanism

6. The Enlightenment (17 th to 18 th centuries) Rationalism Empiricism Social and Political Philosophy

7. Reason and logic considered the basis of Knowledge and belief; man has innate knowledge that can be accessed through intuition or deduction. the view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. Rational comes from the Latin word rationalis , meaning reasonable or logical. Rationalism

8. EMPIRICISM Knowledge is gained through the senses and experience; reliance on inductive reasoning to arrive at generalizations. The view that all concepts originate in experience, that all concepts are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience. From the Greek word empeiria , “experience.”

9. Social and Political Philosophy Discussions on the ideal human situation and society; emphasis on individual rights and liberties.

10. Modern Period (19 th to 20 th centuries) Pragmatism Absurdism Existentialism Post Modernism, Post- structuralism Phenomenology

11. EXISTENTIALISM E mphasizes the individual as a free agent responsible for his actions. Human experience is defined by the views, emotions and actions of the individual.

12. PRAGMATISM means thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles. Emphasis on the practical use of knowledge and ideas The word  pragmatism  is derived from the Greek  pragma  (“action,” or “affair”).   It stresses the priority of action over doctrine, of experience over fixed principles, and it holds that ideas borrow their meanings from their consequences and their truths from their verification.

13.  is based on the premise that  reality consists of objects and events ("phenomena") as they are perceived or understood in the human consciousness, and not of anything independent of human consciousness. Experience is studied based on the subjective view point of the individual. PHENOMENOLOGY

14. ABSURDISM Man will never understand the human condition and the meaning of life.

15. Post Modernism, Post- structuralism Analysis on how knowledge, ideas and power relations are defined

16. Where do you belong?