What Are Centrifugal Pumps and It’s Different Types?

Centrifugal pumps transmit fluids by transforming rotating kinetic energy into the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow.

1. What Are Centrifugal Pumps and It’s
Different Types?
Centrifugalpumps transmitfluidsbytransformingrotatingkinetic
energyintothehydrodynamicenergyofthefluidflow.Anelectricmotoror
asteamturbinearethemostcommonsourcesofrotationalenergy(in
caseofturbine-drivenfeedwaterpumps).Moreindustrialapplicationsuse
centrifugalpumpsthananyothertypeofpump.Thevolutepumpisthe
most common centrifugal pump .
A Centrifugal Pump's Main Components-
1.Pump-minCentrifugalHundredsofpiecesmakeupacentrifugal
pump.Thereareafewcomponentsthatarefoundinalmostevery
centrifugalpump.Thewetendandthemechanicalendcanbeseparated
from these components.
2.Thepiecesthatdeterminethepump'shydraulicperformancearefound
inthewetend.Theimpellerandcasingarethetwomainwetends.Water
lubricationofthefirstradialbearingispossibleinsomeinstances.Wet
ends can also include bearings in this scenario.

2. 3.Partsthatsustaintheimpellerwithinthecasingareincludedinthe
mechanicalend.Thepumpshaft,seals,bearings,andshaftsleevemake
up the mechanical end of the pump.
Impeller Types in Centrifugal Pumps
Impellers that are open, semi-open, or closed
Themostimportantcomponentindeterminingtheperformanceofa
centrifugalpumpistheimpellerdesign.Animpellerthatisproperlybuilt
maximizes flow while minimizing turbulence and increasing efficiency.
A centrifugal pump's impeller might be one of three types:
1.Impellerisopen-Thevanesonbothsidesofanopenimpellerare
free.They'recommonlyfoundinsmall-diameter,low-costpumpsand
pumps that handle suspended materials.
2.Impellerwithasemi-open design-Ononeside,thevanesare
open,whileontheother,theyareclosed.Theshroudprovidesmechanical
support.They'resuitableformedium-diameter pumpsandliquidswith
smalllevelsofsuspendedparticles.Thepresenceofamodestspace
betweentheimpellervanesandthecasingiscriticalforminimizing
recirculation and other losses.
3.ClosedImpeller-Thevanesareformedinasinglecastingbetween
thetwodiscs.They'refoundinlargepumpswithgreatefficiencyandalow
NetPositiveSuctionHeadrequirement.Themostcommonlyusedpumps
forclearliquidsarecentrifugalpumpswithclosedimpellers.Onthe
impellerandthepumpcasing,theyrelyonclose-clearancewearrings.
Theclosedimpellerisamoresophisticatedandexpensivedesignsinceit
requires additional wear rings in addition to the impeller.
AlsoRead:-WhatIstheDifferenceBetweenaCentrifugalEndSuction
Pump and a Centrifugal Pump With Double Suction?

3. Impellers are of two types:
1.Single-suction- Liquidcanonlyenterthecenterofthebladesfrom
one direction using a single-suction impeller.
2.Double-suction- Liquidcanenterthecenteroftheimpellerblades
frombothsidessimultaneouslyusingadouble-suctionimpeller.Theshaft
is subjected to fewer forces as a result of this.
Thewayfluidflowsthroughcentrifugalpumpscanbecharacterizedin
general.Itisnotclassifiedsolelyonthebasisoftheimpeller,butalsoon
thedesignofthepumpcasingandtheimpeller.Thefollowingarethe
three types of flow that acentrifugal pumpcan produce:
1. radial circulation
2. a mixture of flow (part radial, part axial)
3. flow in one direction (propeller type)
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