Iceberg Phenomenon/ Biological Spectrum of Disease No Iceberg phenomenon in (Why?) Measles Rubella* Rabies Tetanus 2 Properties Tip of iceberg Submerged portion of iceberg Composition Clinical cases Hidden cases Important for Clinicians Epidemiologists Detection by Diagnostic tests Screening tests Level of prevention Secondary
3
4
Question 1: Level 2 Suppose a person’s life expectancy is 100 years & person met with an accident at age of 80 years and was bed ridden for life. What is the Sullivan Index? 20 40 60 80 Suppose a person’s life expectancy is 100 years & person met with an accident at age of 60 years and was bed ridden for life and died at 80. What is the DALY?
Question 2: Level 3 Asking people to wash hands & wear masks during influenza outbreak is which level of prevention? Primordial Primary Secondary Tertiary