What is First Aid that you should know.pptx

first aid

1. .

2. First Aid Presented by: GLAIZAMER S. VIERNES,RN,MSN

3. What is First Aid? First aid refers to medical attention that is usually administered immediately after the injury occurs and at the location where it occurred. It often consists of a one-time, short-term treatment and requires little technology or training to administer.

4. FAINTING Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness . It happens when there isn't enough blood going to the brain because of a drop in blood pressure.

5. Cause of Fainting: Dehydration Heart failure Prolonged standing Low blood pressure Medical conditions Pregnancy Seizure

6. FAINTING 1. Make the Person Safe Lay the person flat on their back. Elevate the person's legs to restore blood flow to the brain . Loosen tight clothing . 2.Turn the Person on Their Side if There: Is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth

7. FAINTING 3 . Do Home Care for Simple Fainting If the person is alert, give fruit juice, especially if the person has not eaten in more than 6 hours or has diabetes. Stay with the person until they are fully recovered. 4 . Call a Health Care Provider See a healthcare provider right away.

8. What is Sprain? A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint . Ligaments are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When a ligament is stretched too far or tears, the area around the joint will become painful and there is swelling.

9. SPRAIN Rest the injured area. Put icepacks on the area for 20 minutes every 2 waking hours, separated from the skin by wet toweling. Compress or bandage the injured site firmly, extending the wrapping from below to above. Elevate (raise) the injured area above heart height whenever practical.

10. STRAIN A strain is when a muscle is stretched too much and part of it tears. It is also called a pulled muscle. A strain is a painful injury. It can be caused by an accident, overusing a muscle, or using a muscle in the wrong way.

11. WHAT TO DO: SPRAIN AND STRAIN

12. Choking Choking happens when an object lodges in the throat or windpipe blocking the flow of air . In adults, a piece of food is usually to blame. Young children often choke on small objects. Choking is life-threatening. It cuts off oxygen to the brain.

13. CHOKING 1. If someone is choking, encourage them to cough. If the blockage is severe, they may be holding their chest or neck and won't be able to speak, breathe or cough, and you will need to help them. 2. Bend them forward and give up to 5 back blows to try and dislodge the blockage. Hit them firmly on their back with the heel of your hand between the shoulder blades.   Hitting them on their back creates a strong vibration and pressure in the airway, which is often enough to dislodge the blockage. Dislodging the blockage will allow them to breathe again. 

14. CHOKING 3. If they are still choking, give up to 5 abdominal thrusts: hold around the waist and pull inwards and upwards above their belly button.   Abdominal thrusts squeeze the air out of the lungs and may dislodge the blockage 4. If they are still choking call for help. Repeat the steps until they can breathe again or until help arrives.

15. WHAT IS NOSE BLEEDING A nosebleed happens when one of the blood vessels in the lining of the nose bursts. Nosebleeds may be caused by infection, injury, allergic reaction, nose picking or an object being pushed into the nostril.

16. NOSE BLEEDING Sit up and lean forward. Keep the head up. Lean forward so the blood doesn't go down the throat. This could cause you to choke or have an upset stomach. Gently blow your nose. This will clear any blood clots . Pinch the nose. Use the thumb and a finger to pinch both nostrils shut. Breathe through the mouth. Keep pinching for 10 to 15 minutes. Pinching puts pressure on the blood vessels and helps stop the blood flow . If the bleeding doesn't stop, pinch the nose again for up to 15 minutes. Don't let go for at least five minutes even to check if the bleeding has stopped. Seek emergency care if the bleeding doesn't stop after the second try.

17. WHAT IS HEAT EXHAUSTION? Heat exhaustion is the body's response to an excessive loss of water and salt, usually through excessive sweating. Heat exhaustion is most likely to affect: The elderly. People with high blood pressure. Those working in a hot environment . caused by your body overheating, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to or physical exertion in high temperatures . This most serious form of heat injury, heatstroke, can occur if your body temperature rises to 104 F (40 C) or higher. The condition is most common in the summer months.

18. HEAT EXHAUSTION Move them to a cool place. Remove all unnecessary clothing like jacket or socks. Get them to drink a rehydration drink, or cool water. Cool their skin – spray or sponge them with cool water and fan them. Cold packs, wrapped in a cloth and put under the armpits or on the neck are good too. Stay with them until they're better. They should start to cool down and feel better within 30 minutes.

19. DROWNING Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid. Drowning is not always fatal. Fatal drowning happens when the drowning results in death. Nonfatal drowning happens when a person survives a drowning incident.

20. DROWNING 1. Get help. Notify a lifeguard, if one is close . If you're alone, follow the steps below. 2. Move the person. Quickly and safely take the person out of the water.  3. Check to see if they're conscious. Shout to get a response. Tap their shoulder. Shout again. 4. If they don't respond, place them on their back on a firm surface.

21. DROWNING 5. Start CPR. CPR guidelines have changed in recent years. The letters C-A-B (compressions, airway, breathing) can help you remember what to do. Begin chest compressions: Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders. Place the heel of one hand on the center of their chest at the nipple line. Place your other hand on top of it. Keep your arms straight. Press down hard, at least 2 inches. Use your entire body weight. Do chest compressions at the rate of 100-120 per minute . Let their chest spring back fully between each push.

22. DROWNING Keep going until the person begins to move or help arrives. Or, if you're trained in CPR, you can open their airway and begin rescue (mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose) breathing after 30 compression. Open their airway: Put one palm on the person's forehead and tilt their head back. Use your other hand to gently lift their chin. Breathe for them: Pinch their nose closed. Cover their mouth with your own. Make a tight seal. Breathe into their mouth for 1 second. Watch to see if their chest rises.

23. DROWNING If their chest rises, give a second breath. If it doesn't, tilt their head back and lift their chin again. Then, repeat your breath. Take care not to breathe with too much force. Give 30 more chest compressions, followed by 2 more rescue breaths. Follow this pattern until the person begins to move or help arrives.

24. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! 