What is Hepatitic C its effects

Introduction of Hepatitis, its Transmission

1. HEPATITIS C, CAUSES, TRANSMISSION AND MANAGEMENT

2. Contents What is hepatitis? Types of Hepatitis Hepatitis C Hepatitis C Virus Phases of Hepatitis C Symptoms of Hepatitis C Causes of Hepatitis C Risk factors Complications HCV Transmission Management of Hepatitis C Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Reference

3. What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver. Caused by a viral infection. Other possible causes of hepatitis include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol.

4. Hepatitis C Hepatitis is a general term that means inflammation of the liver. The Ancient Greek word  hepa  refers to the liver, and  titis  means inflammation .

5. Hepatitis C Virus: Hepatitis C is a potentially contagious, but curable disease caused by a virus that infects the liver. HCV can cause lifelong infection, fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and death.  HCV is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family  Flaviviridae

6. Phases of Hepatitis C Acute Hepatitis:   Acute refers to a new HCV infection that is less than six months old About two to 12 months after the virus invades the body, HCV can cause a mild to moderate illness . Symptoms are seen in about 15 to 20 percent of people.

7. Chronic Hepatitis: Chronic infection occurs when the hepatitis C virus does not spontaneously clear and remains in the body. HCV infection that lasts more than six months is chronic It was treated with inject able interferon, in combination with antiviral oral medications.

8. Symptoms of Hepatitis C Fatigue Fever Jaundice Nausea and vomiting Decreased appetite Abdominal pain  Diarrhea Joint pain Muscle Pain Abnormal tingling or burning sensations An uncomfortable "pins and needles" sensation Itchy skin Raised, bumpy areas of rash Dry eyes accompanied by dry mouth Weight loss Frequent Symptoms Rare Symptoms

9. Causes of Hepatitis C Sharing needles while using illegal street drugs Using non-sterile instruments and needles for tattooing and body piercing. Receiving organs (such as a kidney, liver, or pancreas) from a donor Blood transfusion, by which HCV was spread. Sharing personal care items such as razors, scissors, nail clippers, or a toothbrush with an infected person Engaging in high-risk sexual behaviour

10. Causes of Hepatitis C A mother who is infected with the hepatitis C virus will pass the infection on to her baby in her breast milk.  Healthcare workers can become infected, especially when caring for patients in conditions that are not sanitary.  Medical and Cosmetic Procedures that are done in a non-accredited environment.

11. How hepatitis C isn’t spread Social contact Sharing kitchen utensils Toilet seats Sneezing, coughing , sharing food or water , drinking glasses

12. Risk factors Have ever injected or inhaled illicit drugs Have HIV or received a piercing or tattoo. Received hemodialysis treatments for a long period of time COMPLICATIONS Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis)  Liver cancer Liver failure

13. HCV Transmission Blood transmission or HCV-RNA were Detected at 7-12 days after blood transfusion. Transmission through unsafe injection, especially with multi-using syringes or needles. 160,000 people had HIV and 4.7 million people with HCV annually. Intravenous Drug abuse (users) is another way Vertical transmission of virus from mother to her fetus

14. HCV Transmission Use of Needle stick Health Care worker that infected with HCV Virus Sexual among people with multiple sexual partners that co-infected with HIV. Nosocomial transmission due to using unsterile medical devices such as endoscopy, angiography, and surgical devices 40% causes of transmission among patients were not recognized.

15. Management of Hepatitis C Diagnosis There are two tests Antibody test Antibodies are proteins in the blood which the body produces to try to destroy the virus, although with hepatitis C virus this is usually not successful . If the antibody test is positive it means that the person has been exposed to the hepatitis C virus.

16. Management of Hepatitis C Hepatitis C PCR test Also known as Hepatitis C RNA test or viral RNA test (a test for genetic material of the virus) A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test in a pathology laboratory is necessary to see if the virus is still present and whether the person is still likely to be infectious. Negative PCR tests are likely to indicate clearance of the virus.

17. Management of Hepatitis C Incubation period Time between becoming infected and developing symptoms Infectious period Time during which an infected person can infect others.

18. Prevention Not sharing or re-using any injecting equipment Avoiding body tattooing or body piercing Covering any open sores, cuts or abrasions with waterproof dressings Always using standard precautions if blood or body fluids must be handled People with hepatitis C virus or at risk of infection with the virus should not donate blood, organs or other tissue

19. Reference Lauer G , Walker BD (2001) Hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med , 345, 41–52.   Poynard T , Yeun M-F, Ratziu V, Lai CL (2003) Viral hepatitis C. Lancet , 362, 2095–2100. Saab S , Wang V (2003) Recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplant: diagnosis, natural history and therapuetic options. J Clin Gastroenterol , 37, 155–163. Adam R , McMaster P, O’Grady JG et al. (2003) Evolution of liver transplantation in Europe: report of the European Liver Transplant Registry. Liver Transpl , 9, 1231–1243. Alberti A , Benuvegnu L (2003) Management of hepatitis C. J Hepatol , 38, S104–S118. Seeff LB (2002) Natural history of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology , 36,S35–S46. Kenny-Walsh E (1999) Clinical outcomes after hepatitis C infection from contaminated anti-D immune globulin. N Engl J Med , 340,1228–1233.

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