What is Kerosene? by bila

what is kerosene?
what is the properties of kerosene?
what is the uses of kerosene?
what is history of kerosene?
toxicity of kerosene

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3. Objective of the Presentation
3
ü
What is kerosene?
ü
What is the properties of kerosene?
ü
What is the uses of kerosene?
ü
The History of Kerosene

4. Kerosene is an oil, often called paraffin oil or heating oil.
It is a
thin, clear
flammable liquid formed from hydrocarbons
obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum.
Kerosene
is derived primarily from petroleum, but at one time, it was also
made from
coal tar and shale oils. It can appear colorless or
pale yellow and has a unique odor. The term kerosene is, in fact,
derived from the Greek word for wax. Sometimes spelled
kerosine
or kerosiene , it is also called coal oil because of its
asphalt origins.
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5. 5
Kerosene
boils from 200 °
C to 300
°C
Crude
oil Dist. Procces
•
Finally
using it
kerosene

6. The
flash point of kerosene is between 37 and 65 °C ,and its auto
ignition
temperature is 220 °C.The pour point of kerosene depends
on grade, with commercial aviaon fuel standardized at −47
°C
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Kerosene is a thin, clear liquid formed from
hydrocarbons obtained from the fractional
distillation of petroleum between 150
°Cand
275
°C,(Kerosene boils from 200 °C to 300 °C )
resulting in a mixture with a
density of 0.78–0.81
g/cm
3
composed of carbon chains that typically
contain between 6 and 16 carbon atoms per
molecule.
It is miscible in petroleum solvents but immiscible
in water.

7. What is kerosene used for?
B
ut it also has application as a solvent in paints,
cleaners, pesticides and some eye medicines
.
It was previously a
common
fuel for stoves, heaters and
lamps
and is still used
today
as a
fuel for home (‘oil
’)
central heating systems
.
B
ut it also has application as a solvent in paints,
cleaners, pesticides and some eye medicines
.
It was previously a
common
fuel for stoves, heaters and
lamps
and is still used
today
as a
fuel for home (‘oil
’)
central heating systems
.
7
The heating oil can be used in a number of different
pieces of engineering.
From
the use in oil lamps to oil heaters in your
home, kerosene is a
diverse
fuel that can power the
smallest to the most vast of machinery such as the
jet engine.
The heating oil can be used in a number of different
pieces of engineering.
From
the use in oil lamps to oil heaters in your
home, kerosene is a
diverse
fuel that can power the
smallest to the most vast of machinery such as the
jet engine.

8. The
production of Kerosene Oil has been in motion
since 1846. Prior to the invention of electricity,
Kerosene was the planets main way of heating and
lighting up the
world.
8
Kerosene was
discovered by Canadian
physician Abraham Gesner in the late
1840s,
His new discovery, which he
named kerosene ,
burned more cleanly and was less expensive
than competing products, such as
whale oil.

9. Kerosene was an important commodity in the days
before electric lighting and it was the first material to be
chemically extracted on a large commercial scale. Mass
refinement of kerosene and other petroleum products
actually began in 1859 when oil was discovered in the
United States.
Kerosene
continued to be the most important refinery
product throughout the late 1890s and early 1900s. It was
surpassed by gasoline in the 1920s with the increasing
popularity of the internal combustion engine.
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10. Toxicity
—
Ingestion of kerosene is harmful or fatal. Kerosene is sometimes recommended
as a folk remedy for killing head lice, but health agencies warn against this as it
can cause burns and serious illness.
—
People can be exposed to kerosene in the workplace by breathing it in,
swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact.
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11. Conclu
—
To conclude, kerosene is known by a multitude of names and is traditionally
and most commonly used as a means of providing heating, lighting and power
to a variety of different sources. It is used worldwide and most commonly
within less affluent countries, providing means of cooking and even
entertainment. It is readily available to buy and is supplied by many different
sources, but requires careful handling and storage. However despite the health
and safety concerns
kerosene still remains the first choice for many people
and is more readily available than ever before.
11
sion

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The Making of Kerosene
Kerosene is made by refining petroleum oil.
Petroleum oil is also known as crude oil. The first
step to refining petroleum oil is washing the oil to
get rid of salts and inorganic materials. Next, the
crude oil goes through fractional distillation. During
fractional distillation, crude oil is placed in a
distillation tower. The tower is then heated to a very
high temperature. Hydrocarbons separate due to the
heat because hydrocarbons boil at a different
temperature. Kerosene boils from 200
°C to 300 °C.
Fractional distillation creates 5% to 20% or
kerosene. Kerosene can also be obtained from coal,
wood and shade oil, but kerosene is mainly obtained
through refining petroleum oil.
Some extra
info

15. —
History
—
Petroleum byproducts have been used since ancient times as adhesives and
water proofing agents. Over
2,000 years ago, Arabian scientists explored ways
to distill petroleum into individual components that could be used for
specialized purposes. As new uses were discovered, demand for petroleum
increased. Kerosene was discovered in
1853 by Abraham Gesner. A British
physician, Gesner developed a process to extract the inflammable liquid from
asphalt
, a waxy petroleum mixture. The term kerosene is, in fact, derived from
the Greek word for wax. Sometimes spelled
kerosine or kerosiene , it is also
called coal oil because of its asphalt origins.
—
Kerosene was an important commodity in the days before electric lighting and
it was the first material to be chemically extracted on a large commercial scale.
Mass refinement of kerosene and other petroleum products actually began in
1859
when oil was discovered in the United States. An entire industry evolved
to develop oil drilling and purification techniques. Kerosene continued to be
the most important refinery product throughout the late
1890s and early 1900s.
It was surpassed by gasoline in the
1920s with the increasing popularity of the
internal combustion engine.
15

16. Kerosene
—
Kerosene, most notably used in jet engines as a fuel base.
—
Predominantly used as a heating oil for lamps in the early
1900s.
—
Has several more applications and is representative of the
versatility of petroleum products.

17. Kerosene in the Fuel of Jets
—
Jet fuel is not solely comprised of kerosene.
—
Many additives such a benzene and toluene are added to increase the favourable
properties of kerosene, which includes its resistance to gelling.
—
Its high enthalpy makes it ideal for jet speed flight.
—
Jet engines (gas turbines) use the combustion of kerosene with air to achieve motion
—
Equation of Combustion: l-7513KJ/moH CO13 OH12 OHC
2(g)(g)22(g)26(g)12
2
37
=D+®+

18. Kerosene
–the Other Uses
—
Solvent, particularly for tar and grease
—
Pesticide, its low density allows it float on water and suffocate
mosquito larvae
—
Heating oil, combustion of kerosene is used for camp stoves,
heating units and some lamps

19. Environmental Consequences
—
Combustion of kerosene produces the greenhouse gases CO 2
and
water vapour
—
When used as a pesticide endangers other flora and fauna
—
Volatile and can cause fires especially when used in a camp stove or
lamp.
—
Products of Petroleum often not biodegradable, such as plastics,
synthetic rubbers, oils, paints, glues and solvents.