Why Spinal fracture in small animals.pptx

spinal FRACTURE IN SMALL ANINALS

1. Spinal fracture in cats and dogs Prof Dr. Bibek Chandra Sutradhar

2. Introduction Spinal fractures, luxations, and fracture-luxations in dogs and cats are common and are often the result of vehicular injury, animal attacks or falling from a height. Because the spinal cord runs within the spinal canal, which is made up of the spinal bones, a fracture of bone can have severe consequences for the nerve supply at the level of the fracture . Among the spinal fracture, T3-L3 is the most common site for fracture

3. Introduction Prognosis is primarily dependent on the severity of the spinal cord injury and how the patient is treated Retain pain sensation prior to surgery have a good prognosis for functional recovery. Spinal trauma in dogs and cats occurs when the spine is injured, or the vertebrae are dislocated.

4. Introduction Based on its placement and strength, a spinal trauma means partial or complete loss of movement, responsiveness or functions of an organ. Generally, the higher the damage, the more dangerous is the wound Complete wounds in the neck may cause death or require full assistance for the rest of its life.

5. Causes of Spinal Fractures The most common cause of a spinal fracture or luxation is trauma from falling from a height or being hit by a car. Other causes might include: •Attacks from larger dogs •Hanging from a leash or a collar •Running head first into a solid object •Underlying diseases of the bone, such as tumor or metabolic disorders Spinal fractures or luxations constitute a potential surgical emergency because the fractured bone can cause irreversible damage to the spinal cord, which can lead to paralysis or even death .

6. Clinical symptoms of spinal trauma In all animals, the spinal trauma presents the very same 5 symptoms: – Reduction or loss of intentional movement – Alteration of spinal reflexes – Changes in muscular tone – Muscular atrophy – Sensorial disfunction

7. Prognosis The prognosis for animals who suffer from spinal cord injuries is based on the speed of the diagnosis, the gravity of the wound and if the trauma affected other organs. The most important factor at this moment is to verify the presence of an increased sense of discomfort and acute pain.

8. The conservative treatment Pets with minor neurological disorders can be handled with by using some painkillers and a forced rest for at least 4 to 6 weeks.

9. Surgical treatment Most of the patients who suffer from a spinal trauma need a special surgical intervention in order to align the spinal cord and stabilize it through the use of nails, cement or screws, following the directions of the doctor. Surgery is the most effective solution to regain control of the spine, and a steadfast decision will affect the outcome for the better.

10. Extreme care and maximum speed of intervention Animals with injured spines must be treated with extreme caution in order to avoid further damage to the structure. Most of all, they must be checked out by a doctor with extreme urgency due the potential damages of such a serious wound and the high risk that other organs may be involved.

11. Introduction Spinal fractures, luxations, and fracture-luxations in dogs and cats are common and are often the result of vehicular injury. Other frequent causes of injury include animal attacks or falling from a height.

12. EVALUTION OF PATIENTS FOR GENERAL ANAESTHESIA ANAMNESIS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION HAEMATOLOGICAL EXAMINATION BIOCHEMICAL EXAMINATION MEDICATION AND FLUIDS CONCURRENT DISEASE SCREENING TESTS

13. ANAMNESIS AGE Geriatric Patients- cardiopulmonary,hepatic;renal system should be evaluated properly. Short acting, easily eliminated at low end of the dose range. Use balanced anaesthetic technique to avoid using higher dose. Paediatric Patients- low dose is required because of insuffiency of hepatic microsomal enzymes. SIZE OF PATIENT Small animal has higher BMR therefore more dose is required than in large animals.