Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)

The pretension on WBAN and its materials.

1. P RESENTATION ON W IRELESS B ODY A REA N ETWORKS Presented By : S heik MD. Arifunnabi-13108110 Md . Abdulla Almamun-13108119 Saddam Aossen-13108122 University of Asia Pacific (UAP ), Bangladesh.

2. Presentation Overview Introduction What WBANs are Motivation History and Development BAN Structure Sensor Device Communication Technology Extra-BAN Communication WBAN Traffic Classification WBAN Architecture Major Sources of Energy Waste in Sensor Network Energy in WBAN WBAN Applications MobiHealth Challenges Security Requirements Further Study Reference Question???????? 2

3. Introduction WBAN is RF based wireless networking technology that interconnects tiny nodes with sensors in, on, or around a human body. A typical WBAN consists of a number of inexpensive, lightweight, miniature sensor platforms, each featuring one or more physiological sensors like: Motion Sensors ECG (Electrocardiograms) Sp02 Breathing Sensors Blood pressure EMG (Electromyograms) EEG(Electro-encephalograms) Blood Glucose Sensors 3

4. What WBANs are Subgroup of WPANs Domain: HealthCare Compact & Mobile Enable transfer of vital parameters Medical Communication Small intelligent devices Attached or implanted in the body Capable of wireless communication 4

5. Motivation NASA/Military (Government) Health monitoring and prevention (Industry) 5

6. History and Development of BODY AREA NETWORK Professor Guang Zhong Yang was the first person to formally define the phrase "Body Sensor Network" (BSN) with publication of his book Body Sensor Networks in 2006. Some of the common use cases for BAN technology are: Body Sensor Networks ( BSN) Sports and Fitness Monitoring Wireless Audio Mobile Device Integration Personal Video Devices Prof Guang Zhong Yang, Director, The Hamlyn Centre Imperial College London.UK. 6

7. BAN Structure Sensor measuring Temperature, Heartbeat, ECG etc. Actuator delivering Medication, Electric signals etc. PDA processing and transmitting data. 7

8. Sensor Device Inertial motion Unit (Accelerometer and Gyroscope) Blood glucose Blood Pressure CO 2 Gas Sensor Electrocardiogram (ECG) Electroencephalogram (EEG) Blood Oxygen Electromyography (EMG) Humidity and Temperature Sensors 8

9. Communication Technology Intra-body 1-2 m, less researched WPAN : Bluetooth or IEEE 802.15.4 ( ZigBee) WLAN: IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) WMAN: IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) Extra-body 9

10. Intra-Body Communication Technology ZigBee It is a high level specification used to create personal area networks . An application framework to develop the complete wireless sensor network. It is used in applications that require only a low data rate , long battery life, and secure networking . Wi-Fi Short for wireless fidelity. It is a wireless technology that uses radio frequency to transmit data through the air. Wi-Fi is based on the 802.11 standard: 802.11a , 802.11b, 802.11g Wimax Wireless communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards Provide multiple physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) options. 10

11. Extra-BAN/Body Communication Technology Based on GPRS and UMTS technologies for wireless broadband data transfer GPRS (2.5G) UMTS (3G) 11

12. GPRS & UMTS General Packet Radio Services Standard for wireless communications P acket-based R uns at speeds up to 115 kb/s where current GSM 9.6 kb/s 12 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Deliver information at speeds up to 2Mbits/sec. 3G upgraded to 4G

13. WBAN Traffic Classification Normal traffic: Based on normal operation between device and coordinator. On-demand traffic: Initiated by Coordinator to know certain information. Emergency traffic: In case of critical condition. 13

14. WBAN Architecture Level 1: Contains in-body and on-body BAN Nodes (BNs) Level 2: Contains a BAN Network Coordinator (BNC) that gathers patient’s vital information from the BNs and communicates with the base-station. Level 3: Contains a number of remote base-stations that keep patient’s medical/non-medical records and provides relevant (diagnostic) recommendations. 14

15. Major Sources of Energy Waste in Sensor Network Collision : Two nodes emit at the same time Idle Listening : Node listens to an idle channel Overhearing: Node listens for a message sent to another node 15

16. Energy in WBAN Battery lifetime is very important Required Lifetime Swallowable Camera Pills : 12 hours Cardiac Defibrillators and pacemakers : 5 years Reducing the waste of energy can maximize battery lifetime How to improve energy efficiency Routing Mobile Base Station Energy efficient MAC protocol 16

17. WBAN Applications 17 Remote Health Monitoring MobiHealth, project at the Technical University Twente, The Netherlands Commissioned by the European Commission (2000) 1 st live demo of BAN at the Medica International and Medical Conference and Exhibition (2002)

18. MobiHealth Focus on scenarios such as: Trauma Care Continual health monitoring Mobile service platform 18

19. Challenges Hardware-centric Challenges Interoperability System Devices System and Device-level Security Data Consistency Interference Human-centric Challenges Cost Constant Monitoring Consistent Performance 19

20. Security Requirements Data confidentiality Data integrity Data Authentication Data freshness Secure localization Availability Secure management In WBAN, data confidentiality is considered to be the most important issues. Protect the data from disclosure. Should not leak patient’s vital information to external or neighboring networks. To solve this security risk public-key cryptography is too costly. 20

21. Further Study Currently MobiHealth deployed in 9 healthcare field trials in four European countries Can be implemented in android platform BANs & the development of in-body communication systems (Zarlink) 21

22. Reference [1] Bults , Richard, KatarzynaWac , Aart Van Halteren , DimitriKonstantas , Val Jones, and IngWidya . "Body area networks for ambulant patient monitoring over next generation public wireless networks." In 3rd IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, pp. 27-30. 2004. [2] Jurik , Andrew D., and Alfred C. Weaver. "Remote medical monitoring." Computer 41, no. 4 (2008): 96-99. [3] Jones, Val, Aart van Halteren , Nikolai Dokovsky , George Koprinkov , Richard Bults , DimitriKonstantas , and Rainer Herzog. Mobihealth : Mobile health services based on body area networks. Springer US, 2006. [4] Brunelli , Davide , ElisabettaFarella , Laura Rocchi , Marco Dozza , Lorenzo Chiari , and Luca Benini . "Bio-feedback system for rehabilitation based on a wireless body area network." In Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2006. PerCom Workshops 2006. Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on, pp. 5-pp. IEEE, 2006. [5] Domenicali , Daniele, and M. Di Benedetto. "Performance Analysis for a Body Area Network composed of IEEE 802.15. 4a devices." In Positioning, Navigation and Communication, 2007. WPNC'07. 4th Workshop on, pp. 273-276. IEEE, 2007. [6] Poon, Carmen CY, Yuan-Ting Zhang, and Shu -Di Bao . "A novel biometrics method to secure wireless body area sensor networks for telemedicine and m-health." Communications Magazine, IEEE 44, no. 4 (2006): 73-81. [7] Waluyo , AgustinusBorgy , Isaac Pek , Xiang Chen, and Wee-Soon Yeoh . "Design and evaluation of lightweight middleware for personal wireless body area network." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 13, no. 7 (2009): 509-525.   [8] Yan, Le, Lin Zhong, and Niraj K. Jha . "Energy comparison and optimization of wireless body-area network technologies." In Proceedings of the ICST 2nd international conference on Body area networks, p. 8. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), 2007. [9] Ullah , Sana, and Kyung Sup Kwak . "An ultra low-power and traffic-adaptive medium access control protocol for wireless body area network." Journal of medical systems 36, no. 3 (2012): 1021-1030.   [10] Warren, Steve, Jeffrey Lebak , Jianchu Yao, Jonathan Creekmore , AleksandarMilenkovic , and Emil Jovanov . "Interoperability and security in wireless body area network infrastructures." In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the, pp. 3837-3840. IEEE, 2005. [11] Jovanov , Emil, and AleksandarMilenkovic . "Body area networks for ubiquitous healthcare applications: opportunities and challenges." Journal of medical systems 35, no. 5 (2011): 1245-1254.   [12] S. Arnon , D. Bhastekar , D. Kedar , and A. Tauber , A comparative study of wireless communication network configurations for medical applications," IEEE [see also IEEE Personal Communications] Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 56{61, Feb. 2003.   22

23. THAN K YOU 23