Wireless power transfer for autonomous electric vehicle

Wireless power transfer for autonomous electric vehicle

1. A Seminar on “Wireless Power Transfer For Autonomous Electric vehicles (WPT)”   By Gaikwad Om Pravin Guided by Prof.M.H Nerkar       DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING D.V.V.P. College OF Engineering,MIDC , Vilad Ghat , PO- 414 111 Ahmednagar . Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering

2. Introduction Literature survey Problem Formulation And Solution Aim and objective WIRELESS CHARGING System Block Diagram Methodologies used Applications Advantages and Disadvantages Future scope Conclusion References Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering

3. Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering WPT systems work by creating an electromagnetic field between a transmitter coil and a receiver coil Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for autonomous electric vehicles is a technology that lets EVs charge their batteries without cables or plugs. It uses magnetic fields to send energy from a charging pad on the road or parking spot to a receiver on the vehicle. This makes charging automatic, safe, and convenient, which is ideal for self-driving cars that can park and charge themselves. Introduction to Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Technology

4. Literature Survey Sr. No. Author(s) Title of Paper Publisher / Journal Findings & Relevance Methodology Remarks / Future Scope 1 Chung Hee Lee, Boyune Song, GuHo Jung, Dong-kwan Seo, Khalifa Al Hosani, DongHo Cho Wireless Power Transfer System for an Autonomous Electric Vehicle IEEE WPTC, 2020 Developed semi-dynamic wireless charging (static + dynamic). Achieved 90.8% efficiency (static) and ≥85% (dynamic). Relevant for autonomous EV stops. Magnetic & circuit simulations at 85 kHz; prototype testing (12.7 kW output). Extend to longer dynamic tracks, reduce misalignment issues, and scale for commercial EVs. 2 G. Jung, B. Song, S. Shin, S. Lee, J. Shin, Y. Kim Wireless charging system for On-Line Electric Bus (OLEB) with series-connected road-embedded segment IEEE EEEIC, 2013 Demonstrated road-embedded WPT for buses. Proved continuous charging along road segments. Designed segmented primary coils embedded in roads; tested bus charging. Needs cost reduction and standardization for large-scale deployment. 3 J. Shin, S. Shin, Y. Kim, S. Ahn, S. Lee, G. Jung Design and Implementation of Shaped Magnetic-Resonance-Based Wireless Power Transfer System for Roadway-Powered Moving Electric Vehicles IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 2014 Introduced shaped magnetic resonance (SMR) coils for efficient dynamic charging. Improved coupling efficiency compared to flat coils. Designed coil shapes; simulation & experimental validation of roadway-powered EV charging. Future scope: Improve efficiency at high speeds, reduce EM interference. Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering

5. 4 S. Li, C. C. Mi Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications IEEE J. Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015 Provided a comprehensive review of EV WPT systems (inductive, resonant, dynamic). Identified efficiency, alignment, and cost as main challenges. Survey and comparison of WPT topologies and control methods. Suggested standards development, safety guidelines, and higher-power solutions. 5 Z. Bi, T. Kan, C. C. Mi, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhao, G. A. Keoleian A Review of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles: Prospects to Enhance Sustainable Mobility Applied Energy, 2016 Highlighted WPT’s role in sustainable mobility. Emphasized reducing battery size using dynamic charging. Analytical review of WPT technologies and sustainability aspects. Future scope: Integration with renewables, smart grids, and urban infrastructure. Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering

6. Problem formulation And solution Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Problem Dependency on Manual Charging 2.Range Anxiety and Downtime 3.Infrastructure and Efficiency Issues 4.Safety and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Solutions 1.Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Integration 2.Smart Control & Alignment Systems 3.Standardization and Safety Measures 4.Integration with Smart Grids & Renewable Energy

7. Aim and Objective Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Aim: To study and develop wireless power transfer (WPT) systems that enable safe, efficient, and automatic charging of autonomous electric vehicles without physical plugs. Objectives: To review WPT technologies (inductive, resonant, dynamic charging) used for EVs. To analyze key design factors like coil alignment, efficiency, and safety. To evaluate standards (e.g., SAE J2954) and existing pilot projects. To identify challenges in cost, infrastructure, and EMI control for real-world deployment. To explore solutions for static and dynamic charging to support fully autonomous operation.

8. Block Diagram Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering

9. Methodologies Used Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Inductive Coupling: Uses magnetic fields between coils in the ground pad and vehicle to transfer power efficiently. Resonant Inductive Coupling: Adds resonance to improve energy transfer and allow slight misalignment. Capacitive Coupling: Uses electric fields between plates for lightweight, low-power charging. Dynamic Charging: Embeds coils in roads so vehicles can charge while moving. Control & Communication Systems: Ensure proper alignment, safe power flow, and automatic operation for autonomous vehicles.

10. Wireless charging technology utilizes energy-contained fields to deliver electric power from the transmitter to the receiver side, removing the direct metal-to-metal contact. The typical structure of WPT system is shown in figure. Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering WIRELESS CHARGING System

11. Inductive Coupling-based WPT System Design Transmitter Coil The transmitter coil is responsible for generating the magnetic field and transferring power to the receiver coil. Its design, size, and resonant frequency are critical factors that impact the overall system efficiency and power transfer capabilities. Receiver Coil The receiver coil is mounted on the underside of the electric vehicle and must be carefully aligned with the transmitter coil to maximize power transfer. Advanced positioning and tracking systems are used to ensure optimal coil alignment.

12. Applications Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Autonomous EV Charging: Enables self-driving cars to charge automatically without human help. Public Transport: Buses, taxis, and shuttles can charge at stops or while moving on equipped roads. Parking Lots & Garages: Provides convenient plug-free charging for private EVs. Highways with Dynamic Charging: Allows vehicles to charge while driving, reducing battery size and range anxiety. Robotics & Delivery Vehicles: Powers autonomous delivery vans or industrial robots wirelessly.

13. Advantages & Disadvantages Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Advantages : No need for plugs or cables – fully automatic charging. Safe and convenient, even in bad weather. Works while parked or moving (dynamic charging). Reduces wear on connectors and improves system durability. Ideal for autonomous vehicles that can park and charge themselves Disadvantages : High installation cost for pads and road infrastructure. Lower efficiency compared to wired charging if misaligned. Requires precise coil alignment for best performance. Possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) and safety concerns. Standards and large-scale deployment are still developing.

14. Future Scope Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Wider adoption of dynamic charging lanes on highways to reduce battery size and charging stops. Integration with smart grids and renewable energy for sustainable charging. Improved efficiency, alignment tolerance, and high-power systems for faster charging. Standardization for interoperable WPT systems across different EV models. Expansion to commercial fleets, buses, and autonomous delivery vehicles for fully automated charging networks.

15. Conclusion Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Wireless Power Transfer enables convenient, safe, and automatic charging for autonomous electric vehicles. While static charging is already practical, dynamic charging and high-power systems promise to reduce range anxiety and support fully autonomous operations. Challenges like efficiency, cost, and safety need ongoing research, but WPT is a key technology for the future of EV mobility. .

16. References Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar Department of Electrical Engineering Lee, C. H., Song, B., Jung, G., Seo , D., Al Hosani , K., & Cho, D. (2020, November 15–19). Wireless power transfer system for an autonomous electric vehicle . 2020 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Seoul, Korea. IEEE. https:// doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2020.9295606 Onar , O. C., Miller, J. M., Campbell, S. L., Coomer , C., White, C. P., & Seiber , L. E. (2013, September). A novel wireless power transfer for in-motion EV/PHEV charging . 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 3073–3080. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647196