Wireless power transmission

Wireless communications is a type of data communication that is performed and delivered wirelessly.This is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.This Presentation is about ' WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION ' which is the most important & interesting topic in electrical & electronics branch.

1. Presented By: Parth Rathod(17BEE054) Bhautik Patel(17BEE055) Kevin Patel(17BEE060) Vraj Patel(17BEE064) WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

2. Now a days electricity is more important in very efficient way and for that we developed many things to make it efficient and continuous. But as per we know electricity is transmitting through conductors and as per our comfort for the efficient transmitting electricity we need high efficient conductors and also the system is become very complex with many conductors so it is not good for any people and also very dangerous for us with deal with many conductors so now a days wireless technology is coming. So we all know about wireless charger and there are many things that are coming on based on wireless technology in industrial application also. 1. INTRODUCTION

3. BACKGROUND As per we know Nikola tesla invented alternating current in 1856-1943 and he tried also wireless power transmission experiment at wardenclyffe but he fails . 1964 William C. Brown demonstrated a rectenna which could convert microwave power to electricity. 1968’s idea for Solar Power Satellites proposed by Peter Glaser Would use microwaves to transmit power to Earth from Solar Powered Satellites . 2. BACKGROUND

4. Microwave vs. Laser Transmission Microwave More developed High efficiency up to 85% Beams is far below the lethal levels of concentration even for a prolonged exposure Cause interference with satellite communication industry Laser Recently developed solid state lasers allow efficient transfer of power Range of 10% to 20% efficiency within a few years Conform to limits on eye and skin damage 3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MICROWAVE & LASER

5. 4 . THEORY OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION Electromagnetic Radiation Antenna basics Phased-array antenna Diffraction analogy Energy distribution Rectenna Physical limitations & relationships

6. Physics of Wireless Power Transmission Forms of Electromagnetic radiation Travel at same speed F = frequency C = velocity of light L =wavelength 4 . THEORY OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION I) PHYSICS OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

7. Transmission of power is simpler than TV & Radio Transmitter: wire half a wavelength Pushes electrons back and forth Receiver: wire half a wavelength 4 . THEORY OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION II) DIPOLE ANTENNA

8. 4 . THEORY OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION III)ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN

9. The λs for microwaves are small  dipoles small Beam focusing: phased-array antenna Electronically steered by varying the timing or phase Waves will merge together 4 . THEORY OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION IV) PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNA

10. Light same properties Laser beam shinning trough a narrow opening & spreads out or diffracts Bright spot in the center w/fainter spots on the side 4 . THEORY OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION V ) DIFFRACTION ANALOGY

11. Diffraction & Microwaves Waves reinforce at some points and they cancel out at other points (bright and fainter points) In microwaves: is a scaled up version of diffraction 4 . THEORY OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION V I ) DIFFRACTION & MICROWAVES

12. 5 . COMPARISONS AMONG OTHER POWER SOURCES Space Solar Power (Wireless Power Transmission) Ground Based Solar Power Nuclear Energy Fossil Fuel I) EFFICIENCY & COSTS

13. More intense sunlight In geosynchronous orbit, 36,000 km (22,369 miles) an SPS would be illuminated over 99% of the time No need for costly storage devices for when the sun is not in view Waste heat is radiated back into space Power can be beamed to the location where it is needed, don’t have to invest in as large a grid No air or water pollution is created during generation Ground based solar only works during clear days, and must have storage for night. Thus it is More reliable than ground based solar power 5 . COMPARISONS AMONG OTHER POWER SOURCES II) ADVANTAGES OVER EARTH-BASED SOLAR POWER

14. Early and simple schematic of how a space solar power satellite would beam energy to electrical power grid on Earth .

15. Initial conceptual looks at a mega-engineering project as shown in this Boeing design. New technologies point to more efficient, less expensive space solar power systems .

16. Possible power generation of 5 to 10 gig watts If the largest conceivable space power station were built and operated 24 hours a day all year round, it could produce the equivalent output of ten 1 million kilowatt-class nuclear power stations . Nuclear power doesn't pollute the atmosphere like fossil fuels. But it does produce waste. This stays radioactive for thousands of years and is very dangerous. At the moment most stations bury their waste deep underground, at sea or send it to other countries. (Britain, for example, accepts and buries nuclear waste from several countries.) 5 . COMPARISONS AMONG OTHER POWER SOURCES III) ADVANTAGES OVER NUCLEAR POWER

17. One of the disadvantage of Nuclear On April 26, 1986 the worst catastrophe in nuclear history occurred in the station at Chernobyl, Ukraine. Due to the failure of one of reactor, two people died immediately from the explosion and 29 from radiation. About 200 others became seriously ill from the radiation; some of them later died. It was estimated that eight years after the  accident 8,000 people had died from diseases due to radiation (about 7,000 of them from the Chernobyl cleanup crew). Doctors think that about 10,000 others will die from cancer. The most frightening fact is that children who were not born when the catastrophe occurred inherited diseases from their parents . 5 . COMPARISONS AMONG OTHER POWER SOURCES DISADVANTAGES OVER NUCLEAR POWER

18. Fossil fuels won't last forever (next 50yrs) It is not renewable The ability to match supply to demand may already have run out, especially for oil Fossil Fuel fired electric power plants in the US emits about 2 billion tons of greenhouse gas CO2 in to air every year. This courses climate change in the future via greenhouse effect . Cost—prototype would have cost $74 billion “According to Kyle Data the Oil Factor,” which predicts that oil could hit $100 a barrel by 2010. 5 . COMPARISONS AMONG OTHER POWER SOURCES IV) ADVANTAGES OVER FOSSIL FUEL

19. If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed uniformly over the earth. They could power Mobile Devices E.g. cell phones Microwave transmission Interference with other electronic devices Health and environmental effects Possible health hazards Effects of long term exposure Exposure is equal to the amount that people receive from cell phones and Microwaves Location The size of construction for the rectennas is massive and also Implementation Complexity 5 . COMPARISONS AMONG OTHER POWER SOURCES DISADVANTAGES OVER FOSSIL FUEL

20. To meet the final goal of providing sustainable energy for future growth and protection of the environment, the design and technology for space solar power should be evaluated by the criteria of availability of resources, energy economy (payback time) and waste production such as carbon-dioxide through all the processes required for production of SPS . Power from space should be competitive with other energy sources in this respect. We also need a space solar future if our children are to live in an intact environment. They will be grateful to us 5 . COMPARISONS AMONG OTHER POWER SOURCES V) SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

21. This idea worth to invest in since this technology brings in virtually unlimited power from the sun . This also benefits the intercontinental power providers . Absolutely environmentally friendly since it is emission-free. 6. CONCLUSION

22. “A Few Things you occasionally wanted to know about wireless power transmission.” Potter, Seth. http://www.spacefuture.com/archive/a_few_things_you_occasionally_wanted_to_know_about_wireless_power_transmission.shtml “Solar Power Satellites and Microwave Power Transmission” http://www.kentlaw.edu/classes/fbosselm/Spring2004/PowerPoints/Wireless%20Power%20Transmission%20-%20Soubel.ppt www.on-orbit-servicing.com/pdf/OOS2004_presentations_pdf/OOSIssuesOverview_Oda.pdf www.kentlaw.edu/classes/fbosselm/Spring2004/ PowerPoints/Wireless%20Power%20Transmission%20-%20Soubel.ppt www.spacefuture.com/.../a_fresh_look_at_space_ solar_ power _new_architectures_concepts_and_technologies.shtml Lin, James C., “Space solar power stations, wireless power transmissions, and biological implications”, IEEE microwave magazine, March, 2002 7. REFERENCE

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