wirelesspowertransmissionfromsolarpowersatelite-150112103713-conversion-gate01.pptx

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1. SUBMITTED BY:- SURJYAKANT SAHOO 2221109023 SUBMITTED BY:- SURJYAKANT SAHOO 2221109023 WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION VIA SOLAR POWER SATELLITE A SEMINAR ON

2. CONTENTS Brief study of WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION Introduction to SOLAR POWER SATELLITE Overview of system design How SOLAR POWER SATELLITE works Advantages & Disadvantages Conclusion References

3. WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSON (WPT) ? The transmission of energy from one place to another without using wires. Conventional energy transfer is using wires. But the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies. This Phenomena is also known as ‘ Witricity ’. The three main systems used for WPT are Power Transmission using Inductive Coupling Wireless Power Transmission using Microwave Wireless Transfer of Solar power

4. WHY WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSON ? As per the studies , most electrical energy transfer is through wires and most of the energy loss is during transmission through wires. On an average , the loss is more than 30% in world. In India, the loss exceeds 40%. Getting rid of bulky wired networks. Reduced cost of cables. Need for battery is eliminated. Maintenance cost is reduced. More secure, no risks of getting severe shocks .

5. IS WPT SAFE ? Human beings or other objects placed between the transmitter and receiver do not hinder the transmission of power. Magnetic field tend to interact very weakly with the biological tissues of the body, and so are not prone to cause any damage to any living being .

6. Power from mains to antenna. TYPES OF SOLAR POWER TRANSMISSON Ground based power transmission (GPT) Space based power transmission (SPT) SPT is preferred over GPT because :- Energy is available 24 hours a day. No storage required for nighttime power. The energy available in space is 4 -5 times than on earth. No long winter nights, no storms, no cloudy seasons .

7. INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR POWER SATELLITE (SPS) The SPS is a gigantic satellite designed as an electric power plant orbiting the geostationary earth orbit. It consists of mainly three segments solar energy collector to convert the solar energy into DC electricity,DC to microwave converter and larger antenna array to beam down the microwave power to the ground. WHY SOLAR POWER SATELLITE ??? Increasing global energy demand. Environmental problems due to fossil fuels. To overcome energy crisis. Overcome day and night effect and other factors such as cloud .

8. 1. SOLAR PANEL OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM DESIGN Set of solar photovoltaic modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. Photovoltaic module is a packaged , connected assembly of solar cells. Solar panels use photons(light energy) from sun to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect

9. 2. SPACETENNA (ANTENNA ON SATELLITE) Spacetenna is a triangular prism with a length of 800 m and sides of 100m. The faces of prism are embedded with photovoltaic cells .These cells would convert solar energy into electricity, which in turn power onboard , Microwave Generator. The microwave thus produced travels through atmosphere & collected by RECTENNAS on earth .

10. 3. RECTENNA (RECTIFYING ANTENNA) An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power. Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency and 95% beam will fall on the Rectenna. 5000 MW RECEIVING STATION IN USA

11. HOW SOLAR POWER SATELLITE WORKS?

12. Produce electricity at MGS by (hydropower, Thermal ,Wind, Solar ) and convert this electricity into microwaves by using Microwave generator. Transfer it to base grid station (BGS) so called RECTENNA through transmitting Antennas and from here electricity is transmitted to home wirelessly. There will be energy receiver box or energy router in each home. The information of the electricity or power required for each home will be available with the grid station. Without using SPS

13. Microwaves Solar Power Satellites Microwave Generator Transmitting antenna Rectennas Component detail of WET using SPS system

14. Wavelengths- 1 meter to 1 milimeter Frequency- 300 MHz and 300 GHz For wireless power transfer- high power microwaves 1-10GHz rdio -waves . Used for point-to-point communication. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Microwaves

15. Concept of collecting solar power in space for use on Earth. It has been in research since the early 1970s. Mainly consists of three segments. Solar energy collector DC to microwave converter (Microwave tube system and /semiconductor system). Transmitting Antenna Solar Power Satellites

16. Tubes such as Magnetron and Klystron have been proposed for the SPS. Th e p o w er c o n v e r si o n e f fici e nc y is r e a sona bly hig h m o r e than 70 % at low cost. Microwave Generator

17. Transmitting antenna Most popular type of transmitting antenna- Slotted wave guide antenna, micro strip patch antenna, and parabolic dish antenna The slotted waveguide antenna - high aperture efficiency (> 95%) and high power handling capability. Assembled by a number of array antenna panels. To form a microwave beam precisely focused at the ground station, the phase of microwave from each panel needs to be adjusted between the panels.

18. Rectenna Rectifying antenna- directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity. A simple rectenna element consists of a dipole antenna with a Schottky diode placed across the dipole elements. Schottky diode- low forward bias volt.(< 0.6V) , faster , low noise index, less power consumption . In laboratory environments, efficiencies of over 85% have been observed. The efficiency of first Rectenna in 1963 was 50% at output 4W DC.

19. LPF is required to suppress harmonics to improve system performance and prevent harmonics interference. Input filter also transforms the input impedance of the antenna to the input impedance of the rectifier. The output filter is used to effectively block the RF energy and to pass the DC power to a load or battery. The chip capacitor is also used to maximize the diode's conversion efficiency. Inductance tunes the capacitance reactance of the diode. Its resonance is needed to maximize the diode efficiency.

20. First Ground-to-Ground MPT Experiment in 1975 in US using JPL 26m dish antenna and 3.4 m x 7.2 m rectenna located 1 mile apart from the transmitter. Microwave of 2.388GHz and 450 kW transmitted from klystron and the achieved rectified DC power was 30 kW DC with 82.5% rectifying efficiency.

21. r oc k e t e xper i m e n t in MINIX 19 8 3 by Japanese scientists carried out in space In the MINIX experiment, they used cooker type 800W- 2.45GHz magnetron for microwave transmitter.

22. Currently Japanese scientists are set to test the largest wireless electricity transmission ever attempted. The test is designed to transfer about 1200 watts of power at a range of 100 feet (could reach 300 feet) SPS Project is in Development in Japan Goal is to build a low cost demonstration model by 2025 8 C o u n tr i es a long the e qu a t o r h a v e agreed to be the site of a rectenna.

23. Advantages Remove physical infrastructure “Grids and Towers” . Cost effective (Remove cost of towers and cables). Durin g r a in and a f t er n a tu r al disa s t er it is of t en ha r d to manage cables and towers so it removes this. Microwaves (electricity) are more environments friendly. It does not involve emission of carbon gases. Zero fuel cost.

24. Conclusions More reliable than ground based solar power. Fossil fuel electric power plants generate greenhouse gases which are responsible for global warming. WET can overcome these problems well. In order for SPS to become a reality it several things have to happen: Government support Cheaper launch prices Involvement of the private sector