WLAN+Basic+Network+Planning+V1.0_20120930.pdf

WiFi

1. www.huawei.com
Copyright ?2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
















WLAN Basic
Network Planning
Software version：V200R001C00
Document version：V1.0(20120930)
Yuan Xiangwei 00204402

2. Copyright ?2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.





Training Objectives
After completing this course, you will be able to:
Know the basic process for WLAN network planning.
Know factors interfering WLAN signals.
Know WLAN load balancing methods.

Page1

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Contents
1.WLAN Planning Process
2.WLAN Signal Interference
3.Coverage Scenarios
4.WLAN Planning Examples
Page2

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WLAN Deployment Process
Coverage mode
Device capacity
Frequency band
Link budget
Device configuration and
networking
Power distribution mode
Project implementation
Acceptance criteria
…
Specify
requirements
Make deployment
plan
Is the plan
approved?
Modify the plan
Is project accepted?
End
No
No
Yes
Yes
Page 3
Conduct onsite survey
Install devices
Conduct acceptance test
Optimize the network

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Basic Requirements for WLAN Network
Construction
Areas and
deployment
methods
Field strength
requirements
Networking
mode
Power distribution
mode
Bandwidth
requirements
Basic requirements for
planning the network
Page 5

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Onsite Survey
Survey the building, obtain detailed construction
drawings, and learn the building structure.
Check the coverage area for wireless interference sources
and 2G/3G antennas.
Perform outdoor survey to determine the method for
installing APs (pole mounted or wall mounted), check
whether the AP is installed using the same address as that
of the base station, and check the frequency band, transmit
power, and antenna direction for the onsite base station.
Page5

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Coverage Mode
Indoor distributed deployment: The WLAN can be
integrated with the 2G/3G network or deployed
independently.
Outdoor distributed deployment: The outdoor distributed
system can provide sector coverage, indoor coverage, or
use a wireless network bridge to transmit signals from BSs.

Indoor settled deployment: Hotspots use the single-point coverage mode or multi-AP intelligent antennas.

Page6

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Channel ID
Center Frequency
(MHz)
North
America
Europe Spain France Japan China
1 2412 √ √ √
2 2417 √ √ √
3 2422 √ √ √
4 2427 √ √ √
5 2432 √ √ √
6 2437 √ √ √
7 2442 √ √ √
8 2447 √ √ √
9 2452 √ √ √
10 2457 √ √ √ √
√
11 2462 √ √ √ √ √
12 2467 √ √ √
13 2472 √ √ √
14 2484 √
Channel Planning at the 2.4 GHz
Frequency Band
Page 24

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Channel Planning at the 5 GHz Frequency
Band
Channel
Number (Nch)
Frequency Band (GHz) Center Frequency (MHz) America China
36
5.15 to 5.25
UNII Low-frequency band
5180 √
40 5200 √
44 5220 √
48 5240 √
52
5.25 to 5.35
UNII Middle- frequency
band
5260 √
56 5280 √
60 5300 √
64 5320 √
149
5.725 to 5.825
UNII High-frequency band
5745 √ √
153 5765 √ √
157 5785 √ √
161 5805 √ √
165 0 to 5.850 5825 √
Page 25

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Channel Planning in HT 40 Mode
Channel ID Frequency (MHz)
Regulation Domain
America EMEA Japan China
(36, 1) (40, -1) 5190 X - X -
(44, 1) (48, -1) 5230 X - X -
(52, 1) (56, -1) 5270 X - X -
(60, 1) (64, -1) 5310 X - -
(100, 1) (104, -1) 5510 - X -
(108, 1) (112, -1) 5550 - X -
(116, 1) (120, -1) 5590 - X -
(124, 1) (128, -1) 5630 - X -
(132, 1) (136, -1) 5670 - X -
(149, 1) (153, -1) 5755 X - - X
(157, 1) (161, -1) 5795 X - - X
Page 26

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Channel Planning for Installing
Indoor Settled APs
To prevent interference between channels, the interval between central frequencies of each two
channels in the 2.4 GHz frequency band must be larger than or equal to 25 MHz. It is
recommended that channels 1, 6, and 11 be used in overlapping mode. In the 5.8 GHz
frequency band, non-overlapping channels 149, 153, 157, 164, and 165 are used, with 20 MHz
of separation between each two channels.
Page10
1
11
11
6
1
11
1
6
1
1
11
6
1
6 11
6
6
1
11
6
11 1
11
11
6
1
11
1
Carrier A Carrier B Carrier C
6
1
1
11
6
1
6
1
11
11
6
1
11
1 11
6
6
1
11
6
11
Channel overlapping
=

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Channel Planning for Buildings
Use the channel distribution with the
lowest co-channel interference and avoid
signal interference of different floors.
If the AP's channels conflict with
channels of users' Wi-Fi devices, adjust
the channel distribution.
If channel conflicts cannot be avoided by
adjusting APs' channel distribution,
discuss with the owners of the Wi-Fi
devices to re-distribute the channels.
Page11
Floor Number Three APs on One Floor
7
1 6 11
6 11 1 6
5 6 11 1
4 1 6 11
3 11 1 6
2 6 11 1
1 1 6 11

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Channel Planning for Outdoor APs
When the outdoor APs use omnidirectional antennas, plan the channel according
to the planning for installing APs indoors.
When the outdoor APs use directional antennas, plan the channel in combination
with the area direction to prevent interference between APs at the same frequency
in the same overlap.
two APs and four antennas One AP and two antennas
One AP and one antenna
Channel 1 Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 11 Channel 11 Channel 1
Three APs and three antennas Four APs and four antennas
two APs and two antennas
Channel 1 Channel 11
Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 11 Channel 11
Channel
11
Channel 6
Channel 6
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Channel Planning for Outdoor APs
Three APs and three MIMO antennas Four APs and four MIMO antennas One AP and one MIMO antenna
Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 11
Channel 6
Channel 1
Channel 11 Channel 11
Channel 6
The outdoor APs using 802.11n can be covered with
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas to increase
access bandwidth in a sector.
The 45-degree dual -polarized antennas and dual vertically
polarized antennas can both be used as MIMO antennas.
Page 33

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Networking Design
Direct data forwarding in chain mode
Page14

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Networking Design
Tunnel data forwarding in chain mode
Page15

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Networking Design
Branched mode
Page16

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Capacity Design
Data Service Downstream Bandwidth Upstream Bandwidth
Web page browsing, Email, online
chatting, web broadcast, online
news, online shopping
2 Mbps 256 Kbps
SOHO, enterprise network access,
high-speed data transmission
4 Mbps 512 Kbps
Desktop multimedia, video
conference, video call, web TV,
remote education, remote medical
service (SDTV)
2 Mbps 2 Mbps
HDTV 15 Mbps to 25 Mbps 1 Mbps
Page17

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Capacity Design
Page18
Use the following formula to calculate the numbers of APs and access users:
Total bandwidth = Number of users x Percentage of concurrent users x
Bandwidth for each user
Number of APs = Total bandwidth/Bandwidth of each AP
Maximum number of concurrent users connected to each AP = AP
bandwidth/Bandwidth of each user
Note: The bandwidth of each AP must be available bandwidth. As the number of
access users increases, the total available bandwidth decreases. It is
recommended that less than 30 users be connected to each AP. (For details
about AP's capability, see the product manual.)

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AP Deployment Position
Calculate the AP's coverage based on AP's transmit power, antenna gain,
and signal loss and place the AP according to its coverage radius.
When the AP's signal traverses the wall from outdoors to indoors,
determine whether signal loss affects indoor signal strength. If indoor
signal is weak, add AP indoors.
If signals traverse a barrier with a degree, the traverse depth is larger
than that when signals traverse the barrier vertically. Therefore, vertical
traverse reduces signal loss.
In the area containing a lot of access users, AP density should be high,
ensuring that each user connected to the AP can obtain guaranteed
bandwidth.
Page19

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AP Deployment Position
In the area requiring roaming, two neighboring APs should have
20% signal coverage overlapping so that STAs can switch
between the APs seamlessly.
If an AP is near to a support column, there will be a signal
shadow behind the column. When locating APs, consider the
signal shadows.
Metal will cause high signal loss. Do not place APs or antennas
behind metal ceiling.
In the important area such as manager room, add APs to
strengthen signals.
Page20

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RF Simulation
Use emulation tools such as Huawei eSight WLAN planning tools and
Airmagnet to emulate the field strength and throughput and adjust AC
positions based on the simulated signal coverage effects.
Page21

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Contents
1.WLAN Planning Process
2.WLAN Signal Interference
3.Coverage Scenarios
4.WLAN Planning Examples
Page22

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Penetration Loss
Page23
In the scenario where APs are deployed outdoors to
support indoor wireless access, wireless signal strength
decreases when signals penetrate glasses, walls, or
wooden doors. You need to consider the penetration loss
into link budgets.

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Penetration Loss
Frequency Band Material Penetration Loss
2.4 GHz
Glass window (non tinted) 2 dB
Wooden door 3 dB
Cubicles 3 to 5 dB
Dry wall 4 dB
Marble 5 dB
Brick wall 8 dB
Concrete wall 10 to 15 dB
5.0 GHz
PVC plate 0.6 dB
Gypsum plate 0.7 dB
Plywood 0.9 dB
Gypsum wall 3.0 dB
Rough chipboard 2.0 dB
Veneer board 2.0 dB
Glass plate 2.5 dB
Double glazed window 11.7 dB
Concrete block wall 11.7 dB
Page24

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Interference Sources
Co-channel interference and adjacent-channel interference
2G/3G interference
Non-WLAN interference
Page25

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Co-channel Interference
Co-channel interference may be caused by incorrect WLAN
planning or come from WLAN devices of other carriers or
users. To prevent co-channel interference, perform network
planning and site survey for radio optimization and adjust
APs' transmit power and antenna direction to control signal
coverage.
Page26

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Co-channel Interference
Perform RF scanning in onsite survey to check wireless environment, negotiate
channel usage with other carriers or wireless router users to avoid co- channel
interference.
Improve frequency multiplexing efficiency and ensure that the same signal
channel is not used in a coverage area or adjacent coverage areas. Use the
isolation degree formed by surrounding environment for channel planning to
prevent co- channel interference.
Use directional and intelligent antennas to reduce internal signal interference.
Omnidirectional antennas are not recommended for networking of many APs.
Adjust transmit power or antenna system to reduce impact of co- channel
interference on AP performance.
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Adjacent- Channel Interference
Adjacent-c hannel interference caused by APs of the same
carrier can be prevented by AP roaming. You should
consider adjusting AP deployment or reducing transmit
power of APs to prevent adjacent-channel interference
caused by APs of different carriers.
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2G/3G Interference
When WLAN is deployed outdoors, AP may be installed using the same
address as that of the 2G/3G base stations. In this situation, spurious
signals sent from one base station is received by another station using
the same address. This may cause spurious interference between
neighboring stations or block signals. When AP is installed using the
same address as 2G/3G system, consider the interference caused by
2G/3G stations to WLAN AP signals and interference caused by WLAN
to 2G/3G upstream frequency bands. The distance between mobile
terminals and stations is long. Therefore, mobile terminals have little
interference on downstream frequency bands due to space isolation.
Page29

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Non-WLAN Interference
Microwave ovens
Cordless phones
Wireless cameras and routers
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Contents
1.WLAN Planning Process
2.WLAN Signal Interference
3.Coverage Scenarios
4.WLAN Planning Examples
Page31

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
Based on the coverage radius, WLAN indoor coverage area is classified into area with
coverage radius larger than the AP coverage radius and area with coverage radius smaller
than the AP coverage radius.

Based on the number of access users, WLAN indoor coverage area is classified into high-
density area and low-density area.
Number of Concurrent Users
< 30 (low density of users) > 30 (high density of users)
Coverage
radius
< 60 m
Family houses, bars, cafe bars,
conference rooms
Classrooms and large-sized
open offices
> 60 m
Hotels, comprehensive office areas,
office buildings
Auditoriums, gymnasiums
WLAN indoor coverage areas are classified based on whether the coverage area of one AP
meets coverage requirements or the number of concurrent users in the coverage area of
one AP exceeds limit.
Coverage Scenarios
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This kind of area has the following characteristics:
The coverage radius is smaller than 60 m and no large obstacle exists. A few users need to
access the network. One AP can provide wireless access services for all concurrent users.
Such areas include small-sized conference rooms, bars, cafe bars, and family houses.
Proper deployment of APs for family houses can provide wireless signals for each room.
Coverage Planning for Small Radius
Area with Less Concurrent Users
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40 m 40 m
20 m
Auditorium coverage: wall-
mounted installation
Auditorium coverage: ceiling-
mounted installation
Example: Auditorium has an area of 20 m x 40 m and 100 seats. There
are about 20 to 30 wireless users.
This area has a small number of wireless users and a small coverage area. Only one
AP is needed.
Choose a proper method to install the AP in the coverage area.
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Perform wireless network survey, determine the survey contents and the final wireless coverage scheme.
1. Get details about the coverage area including coverage area size, obstacle distribution, number of users,
bandwidth requirements, and device installation positions. The following information is collected:
Coverage area: The area to be covered is the auditorium (20 m x 40 m).
Obstacle distribution: The secondary area is open and has no obstacle that will block the signals.
Number of users and bandwidth requirements: 20 users need to access the wireless network for Web
page browsing, not requiring high bandwidth.
Installation position: wall or ceiling
2. Determine the number of APs to be deployed. AP deployment should meet the following requirements:
 Ensure signal transmission between APs and wireless terminals. The coverage area for the auditorium
is 20 m x 40 m. No large obstacle exists. One AP can provide wireless services for the covered area.
 Meet the bandwidth requirements. One AP can provide enough bandwidth for 20 users.
Therefore, only one AP is required for the auditorium.
3. Determine the AP installation position. The AP can be installed on walls or ceilings. The position to install
AP is determined based on the following principles:
If the ceiling is too high, use wall-mount ed APs to facilitate maintenance.
If the ceiling is not high or the customer does not want wall-mounted APs, use ceiling-mount ed APs.
When APs are installed on the ceiling, use ceiling-mounted antennas.
At last, negotiate with users for wired network resources. After APs are connected to the wired network,
the wireless network survey and design are complete.
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This kind of area has the following characteristics:
The area is open inside and has no walls blocking signals. A large number of users need
to access the network and multiple APs are required.
When multiple APs are deployed, consider the distance between APs.
Such areas include open offices, large- sized terrace classrooms and conference centers.
Coverage Planning for Small Radius
Area with Less Concurrent Users
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Example: An office area has an area of 25 m x 40 m and 100 seats.
One computer is installed on each seat and accesses the
network in wireless mode.
A large number of users require wireless services. Multiple APs need to be deployed
for a wider coverage range and guaranteed bandwidth.
Channel distribution must be considered during AP deployment.
AP1
AP3
AP2
40 m
25 m
AP1: Channel 1
AP2: Channel 6
AP3: Channel 11

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This office area has a high density of users. AP deployment is determined
based on the coverage range and number of concurrent users. One AP can
cover an area of 25 m x 40 m but many users need to access the network.
Therefore, multiple APs need to be deployed.

One AP can provide guaranteed bandwidth for about 20 users. This area has
about 60 wireless users. Three APs are required.

Proper channel distribution for APs is required. To reduce signal interference,
three APs use non-overlapping signal channels 1, 6, and 11.
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Such areas are mainly WLAN indoor scenarios which can be taken as the
combination of multiple small radius areas with less concurrent users.
Coverage Planning for Large Radius
Area with Less Concurrent Users
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WLAN indoor scenarios include comprehensive buildings and hotel rooms.
Rooms, walls, and poles divide such areas into multiple small areas. The
following two methods are used for coverage planning:
Method 1: Use small power APs. For details about small AP coverage, see
the coverage planning for small radius area with less concurrent
users. AP frequency points need to be isolated.
Method 2: Use indoor distribution. The WLAN system is integrated into the
original antenna system of wireless networks such as PHS, GSM
to provide signal coverage. This ensures a wide AP coverage
area. For details, see Indoor Distribution System.

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Outdoor Deployment
Equipment room
near residential
area
Floor 1 Floor 5
Floor 4
Floor 3
Residential areas and gardens
AC/BRAS
INTERNET
Floor 2
Floor 6
LSW/PON
802.11a
802.11a
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Outdoor Deployment of WLAN
The outdoor deployment of the WLAN is applicable to scenarios requiring wireless
services, such as public squares, residential areas, schools, dormitories,
campuses, open areas where people are collected, and pedestrian streets.
Some application scenarios require wireless backhaul, such as scenario of
wireless bridge or transmit at the 2.4 GHz frequency band and backhaul at the 5
GHz frequency band.

High-power outdoor APs are used for outdoor deployment. The deployment is
affected by factors such as the transmit power, antenna model and gains, AP
height, and blocking. During the network construction, consider the system
capacity, the number of APs, antenna gains, antenna angle, signal penetration,
power evaluation, and protection level.
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Outdoor WLAN Deployment
Determine deployment scenarios based on the service requirement, land form, coverage
area, and building structure. Use high- power APs (27 dBm) and high- gain antennas
(including directional, omnidirectional, and intelligent antennas).
When deploying antennas, prevent radio signals from being blocked by objects such as
metal racks or metal screens. Install APs and antennas at a high place to minimize
impact on signals of environment changes and improve receiving performance of APs.
Keep antennas away from high- power electric devices such 2G/3G network devices and
wireless monitoring devices.
Reserve 5 dB signal to offset rain impact on outdoor AP signals.
When covering indoor areas from outdoor areas, signals face difficulties in the system
capacity and limited signal pass- through capability. Consider transmit powers of both APs
and STAs.

Use indoor APs to cover indoor areas if the method to cover outdoor areas is used. Use outdoor APs to cover indoor areas if the negotiation between indoor areas fails while the indoor deployment area is important.

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Outdoor WLAN Signals Covering
Indoor Areas

Use this mode to cover the buildings without cable resources including twisted pair
cables, category 5 cables, and distributed system. Dormitories are used as a typical
scenario.
Deployment requirements:
Use high- power APs and high- gain directional antennas to cover indoor areas.
Use the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
Antennas are usually placed on a building's roof to provide signal coverage for
opposite buildings. This installation applies to the panel structure buildings.
Consider the relationship among the installation distance, coverage area, and
signal attenuation. APs are installed a distance away from floors. Ensure that the
antenna angle covers the deployment area while preventing high attenuation of
signals due to long distance.
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Outdoor WLAN Signals Covering Indoor
Areas
Evaluate the power and pass- through loss. If the pass- through capability of signals is
limited, cover the deployment area with multiple APs from multiple angles. Radio signals
have the priority to enter rooms from glasses. The capability to unidirectionally pass
through a building is limited, so use multiple APs to cover the building from multiple angles.

Determine the number of APs based on the capacity requirement and deployment area. Separate channels for multiple APs.

Page 69

Teachers' dormitory
Student apartment 1
Student apartment 2

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Deployment in Cellular Coverage Model
The cellular coverage model can be used to cover middle- and small-scaled
outdoor areas such as squares, residential areas, campuses, parks, and open
areas where people are collected.
Deployment requirements:
›Use APs (27 dBm) and omnidirectional or directional antennas.
›Adjust AP power based on the deployment area. APs can be installed in the cellular
coverage model, which is similar to the indoor installation.
›Antennas and APs can be installed on top of the buildings, on poles, or on walls.
›
When separating channels, prevent co-channel interference, reduce the frequency overlap between co-channel APs, and distribute signals evenly to improve frequency multiplexing
efficiency.

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Deployment in WDS Networking
Mode
Wireless Distribution System (WDS) supports P2P, P2MP, and repeater networking
modes.
In P2MP networking, WDS APs are deployed far from one another and are hidden
stations for one another. In addition, bridge APs need to compete with each other for
channels. For these reasons, the transmission bandwidth is much lower than that in
the P2P networking within the same transmission distance.
P2MP
Impact Coefficient Throughput Impact Factor
Hidden Station Multi-user Competition P MP
1 None None 1 1
2 0.6 0.95 0.57 0.285
3 0.6 0.9 0.54 0.18
4 0.6 0.9 0.54 0.135
5 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.096
6 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.08
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Indoor WDS Deployment
WDS can be deployed indoors in P2P or P2MP networking mode
based on service requirements and indoor layout.
WDS can be used if laying indoor cables are difficult or areas to be
covered are far from the switch. However, WDS is restricted in
indoor applications because of building barriers.
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Outdoor Bridge Deployment
If obstacles block signals from being transmitted between two LANs
to be connected or the transmission distance is too long, use wireless
repeaters to connect the two LANs.
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Single- band Repeater Deployment
A single WDS AP can function as a repeater or two WDS APs are combined into a
repeater through the back-to-back connection.
The transmission bandwidth in single- band repeater mode is much lower because of
bandwidth sharing and hidden terminals. The single- band repeater networking applies
to scenarios that have low requirements for bandwidth.
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Outdoor Back- to-Back Repeater
Deployment
In scenarios that require high bandwidth, use two WDS APs to form a repeater AP in
back-to-back connection. Two APs work on different signal channels in different
directions. This ensures wireless link bandwidth.
The outdoor back- to-back repeater is similar to multiple outdoor bridges connected
together using cables. The antennas used are similar to those used in outdoor bridge
deployment.
Page51

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Contents
1.WLAN Planning Process
2.WLAN Signal Interference
3.Coverage Scenarios
4.WLAN Planning Examples
Page52

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Hospital's requirements on wireless
network
 Provides wireless access.
 Supports hospital services.
Questions about WLAN
 Whether WLAN signal causes interference to
medical devices.
 Signals of mobile terminals are unstable and
may be interrupted.
Hospitals
The wireless system for hospitals requires stable signals.
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WLAN Security and Mobility Analysis
Security: avoid interference sources such as medical monitor, microwave therapy apparatus,
and microwave ovens.










Mobility: increase antennas to provide signal coverage for rooms and corridors.
< 300 MHz 300 MHz to 3 GHz > Infrared Ray
B-mode ultrasound Medical monitor
Infrared breast diagnosis
machine
ECG machine
Microwave therapy
apparatus
Physiotherapeutic
instruments
Electroencephalograph Microwave ovens Thermodetector
Cardiac pacemaker
X-knife
Respirator LASIKPRK
High frequency
electrotome
CO^2 laser cure
instrument
Short wave therapy
apparatus
X-ray apparatus
Pulse therapeutic
device
γknife
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Portable terminals
in the hospital
have low receiving
sensitivity. A high
density of
antennas are
required in WLAN
deployment.
Increase antennas
in the original
PHS network with
low density of
antennas.
PHS/WLAN integration for surgical building 9- 17F of a hospital
Medical WLAN and PHS/CDMA
Integration System
Page55

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WLAN signals attenuate
greatly when blocked by
obstacles. Antennas
should be deployed
indoors if possible.
An antenna covers about
two or three rooms and
needs to pass through
one brick wall.
Signals in the corridor are
unstable and may be
interrupted.
Plane figure of 15F in a hospital
Before Antenna Installation Adjustment
Page56

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Antennas are installed
near the door. This
provides effective indoor
signal coverage and
corridor coverage.
Plane figure of 15F in First Hospital
After Antenna Installation Adjustment

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WLAN Deployment Summary
In an indoor wireless distribution system, recommended power on
antenna interfaces is 10 dBm. Multiple antennas with small power are
deployed.
WLAN APs are connected to the end of the PHS/CDMA network.
WLAN is preferentially constructed using indoor AP deployment. If
buildings that have a small area and simple structure do not need
PHS/CDMA network coverage, use APs with antennas for signal
coverage.
Medical devices that work at 2.4 GHz frequency band especially the
monitoring device and blood circulation machine in the surgery room
are highly sensitive to signal interference. Therefore, WLAN antennas
should be deployed far from these devices.
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Building structure
Building 7 has long corridors
with iron banisters. Dormitories
are located on one side of the
corridor. Dormitories use iron
doors. Glass windows are
located on top and on both
sides of the door. The left figure
shows the appearance.
Schools
Scenario 1: Dormitories on One Side
Page59

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When the power on antenna interfaces is 11
dBm, the strength of signals in rooms 7-516
and 7-517 ranges from -57 dBm to -65 dBm.
The following figure shows the plane structure.
(The red dot indicates the position of test
antennas.)
In this scenario, one antenna is needed to
provide signal coverage for two rooms. The
antenna is deployed on the beam located
between two rooms. To ensure effective signal
coverage, the power on antenna interfaces
should be 11 dBm or not smaller than 8 dBm.
Page60
Toilet
Toilet
Dorn
Dorm
Refer to
7-517

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Building structure
Building 3 is a suite apartment.
Three rooms are placed side by
side. The room uses wooden
doors. The left figure shows the
appearance.
Scenario 2: Suite Apartment
Page61

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When the power on antenna interfaces is 11
dBm, the strength of signals in rooms 404-1
and 404-2 ranges from -45 dBm to -60 dBm.
The following figure shows the plane structure.
(The red dot indicates the position of test
antennas.)
In this scenario, antennas can be deployed in
the second room. In this way, three rooms can
receive signals. If conditions do not permit, two
antennas can be deployed in the hall. Each
antenna provides signals for two rooms. To
ensure effective signal coverage, the power on
antenna interfaces should be 11 dBm or not
smaller than 8 dBm.
Page62
404- 1 404-2
Refer to
404-1
Dorm Dorm Dorm
Hall
Toilet

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Building structure
Rooms are located on one side of the
corridor and use iron doors. The
washing room is near the corridor
side. The left figure shows the
appearance.
Scenario 3: One- Side Rooms with a Washing Room
Page63

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When the power on antenna interfaces is
11 dBm, the strength of signals in rooms
14-105 and 14-107 ranges from -55 dBm
to -71 dBm. The following figure shows
the plane structure. (The red dot
indicates the position of test antennas.)
In this scenario, antennas need to be
deployed indoors so that three rooms can
receive signals. To ensure effective signal
coverage, the power on antenna
interfaces should be 11 dBm or not
smaller than 8 dBm.
Page64
Refer to
105
105 106 107

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Building structure
The building has long corridors. Two
rooms share a washing room and a
living room. Corridor-side rooms use
iron doors. Rooms on both sides of
the living room use iron doors with
glass windows. WLAN signals need
to pass through iron doors. The left
figure shows the appearance.
Scenario 4: Small Suit of Rooms
with Special Structure
Page65

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When the power on antenna interfaces
is 11 dBm, the strength of signals in
rooms on both sides ranges from -61
dBm to -71 dBm. The following figure
shows the plane structure. (The red dot
indicates the position of test antennas.)
In this scenario, antennas are deployed
in the living room so that two rooms on
both sides can receive signals. To
ensure effective signal coverage, the
power on antenna interfaces should be
11 dBm or not smaller than 8 dBm.
Page66
Toilet
Toilet

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Building structure
Offices are located on both sides of
the corridor. Office areas are
separated by brick walls. Antennas
are deployed on the corridor. The left
figure shows the appearance.
Business Buildings
Page67

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When the power on antenna
interfaces is 11 dBm, the strength of
signals in rooms on both sides of
the corridor ranges from -52 dBm to
-58 dBm. The following figure shows
the plane structure. (White dots
indicate the position of test
antennas.)
Isolation walls are made of bricks,
woods, and glasses. To ensure
effective signal coverage, the power
on antenna interfaces must be at
least 11 dBm.
Page68

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The figure above shows a typical office scenario. The office is semi-open and has an area
of 36 m x 36 m. Office areas are isolated by glass walls. Other major coverage objectives
include conference rooms, exhibition hall, rest rooms, and isolation rooms. Two walls
isolate the rest room from the office area. Other areas are isolated by wooden walls.
Page69

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The indoor antenna in the figure provides signal coverage for the central office area. The red line shows
the coverage area. Perform access tests on points A to H. The network is unavailable on points E and F.
The concrete wall blocks the signals from reaching E an F. Signals cannot reach the lobby.
Up Down
Up


Up
Down
Laboratory
Meeting
Room
Demo
Room
Office
A
P
A
X
B
X
C
X
D
X
E
X
F
X
G
X
H
X
Office
Lobby
Page70

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As shown in the figure, two APs are deployed to provide signal coverage for the whole office area with many access users. The dotted
line shows the coverage area of two APs. The APs are deployed in interlaced positions. They work with indoor ANT1 to provide
overlapping signal coverage. This ensures signal coverage for a high density of users in the office area. AP signals in one area must
work at different channels. In this scenario, three APs use non- overlapping signal channels 1, 6, and 11 with 20 MHz of separation
between each two channels. This ensures high signal quality.

Up Down
Up



Up
Down
Meeting
Room
Demo
Room
W-Link
Office
Lobby
AP1 (Ch1)
AP2 (Ch6)
AP3 (Ch11)
Page71

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Outdoor Bridge
User's requirements on
wireless network
Provides Wi-Fi coverage in
hotspot areas.
Provides services such as Web
page browsing and video chat.

Use WDS networking mode to minimize antenna deployment.

Page72

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AP1
AP2
AP3
AP1.1
AP1.1.2
AP1.1.3
AP1.1.4
AP1.1.1
AP1.1.5
AP1.1.6
AP2.1
AP2.1.2
AP2.1.3 AP2.1.4
AP2.1.1
AP2.1.5 AP2.1.6
AP3.1.2
AP3.1.3
AP3.1.4
AP3.1.1
AP3.1.5 AP3.1.6
AP1.2
AP2.2
AP3.1
AP3.2
P2P
P2MP
P2MP
P2MP
RJ45
Connect as
back to back
RJ45
Connect as
back to back
Middle APs are connected in back-to-back
mode. One AP is connected to the root AP
in P2P mode. The other AP is connected
to leaf APs in P2MP mode.
To increase the number of access users,
leaf APs can be connected in back-to-
back mode. One AP is connected to the
middle AP in P2P mode while the other
AP works at 2.4 GHz frequency band to
provide signal coverage for users.

The middle AP and leaf APs use 5 GHz frequency band for backhaul and 2.4 GHz
frequency band to provide signal coverage.

Page73

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Outdoor Bridge Summary
Backhaul signal channels are planned properly to prevent APs
working at the same frequency from using the same backhaul signal
channel.
A smaller antenna angle is required for point to point backhaul
transmission. Repeater antennas use double flow mode.
The P2MP networking mode ensures acceptable air interface
bandwidth for a maximum of three leaf APs.
CPE devices can be used to enhance indoor signal coverage.
Power of outdoor APs comes from PoE (for AP6510), AC (for
AP6610) power supply, or solar power supply.
Page74

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