WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS

WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS
ALL TOPICS

1. Name- Abhra Pawan Sharma Class-9h Rollno-4 WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS

2. WHAT ARE INSTITUTIONS The arrangements which are made in modern democracies to run the government. Institutions take decisions and make rules and regulations for proper administration. The institution not only take decisions but they also implement them to get the required purposes. They provide an opportunity to wider set of people to be consulted to reach at any decisions.

3. How is a major policy decision taken The basic functions and powers of every institution are laid down by the constitution of the country. The institutions which takes decision is the prime minister and his cabinet. The decisions taken by them are implemented by civil servants. If any disputes rises between government and people then it is supreme court who finally settles this dispute.

4. Why do we need political institutions To take decisions regarding the welfare of people. They formulate various policies and welfare schemes. To solve disputes between people and government. To collect tax and to maintain administration.

5. Parliament. What is parliament? It is a national assembly of elected representatives of the people. The parliament has the authority of enacting laws. It can add new laws or change or abolish existing laws. National policies and important public issues are discussed and debated in the parliament. It consists of office of the president of India. The parliament can have 802 members.

6. Functions of parliament Parliament makes new laws, change the existing laws also abolish some and make new one in place of them. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy the support of parliament. Parliament controls all the money that government have. It is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country.

7. Houses of parliament House of people( lok Sabha ) Members of lok Sabha are directly elected by voters The period of lok Sabha is 5 years. It has 552 members. It grants the money for running the administration of the country. It is more powerful than rajya Sabha. Council of states(Rajya Sabha) Members of rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of state legislative assembly. It is permanent body, one third of its members retire every two years It has 250 members It does not have much power to exercise money bills It is less power full than lok Sabha.

8. Types of executives Political executives The ministers are known as political executives. They are elected by the electorate as per the mandate of the people. They serve for 5 years and then again go for seeking mandate The political executives are directly accountable to the people. Permanent executives The civil servants are the permanent executives. They are selected on the basis of merit as per the examination taken by UPSC. They serve till their retirement age They are not accountable directly to people but to political executives

9. Prime minister Prime minister is the most important political institution in the country. President appoints prime minister. President appoints the leader of the major party or coalition of parties that commands majority in lok Sabha as prime minister. The prime minister does not have a fixed tenure, he continues in power so long as he remains the leader of the majority party or coalition.

10. Council of ministers Council of the ministers is the official name given to body that includes all the ministers. It usually has 60 to 80 ministers of different ranks. Cabinet ministers- They are usually the top level leaders of the ruling party or parties who are in charge of major ministries Ministers of state with independent charge- they are in charge of small ministries. They participate in cabinet meetings only when invited. Ministers of state- they are attached to and required to assist cabinet ministers.

11. The President The president is the head of the state. In our political system the head of state exercise only nominal powers. In India the president supervises the overall functioning of all the political institutions in the country. The president is not directly elected by the people. The elected members of parliament(MP’s) and elected members of legislative assemblies (MLA’s) elect him.

12. THE JUDICIARY Judiciary is the branch of government which administers justice according to the law. They are responsible for interpreting and applying a country laws in particular cases. They also have the power to strike down laws that deems unconstitutional. Judiciary system consists of judges and other magistrates. They form the bench or the core of the judiciary system. Judicial system of India consists of SUPREME COURT HIGH COURT DISTRICT COURT

13. THANKS