Wound management

maggotic wounds in dogs

1. MAGGOT INFESTATION IN A DOG SAYAR AHMAD BEIGH

2. CASE OPD No. –1566 date : 13/10/14 SPECIES – Canine SEX – Male HISTORY Maggot wound infestation on lateral side of left thigh. On examination maggots were seen on the affected area.

3. DIAGNOSIS- MAGGOT INFESTATION TREATMENT Maggots were removed manually after Topicure Spray Inj.HITEK- 0.6ml S/C (single dose) dose rate-10mg/50kg bwt Inj. Monocef - 500 mg O.D I.M. for 3days dose rate-15-25mg/kg bwt . Inj. Melonex-0.75 ml o.d . i.m . for 3 days dose rate-0.5mg/kg bwt .

4. MAGGOT INFESTATION(MYIASIS) SYNONYMS Myiasis Fly strike Blow fly strike DEFINITION The invasion of organs and tissues of animals with dipterous larvae, which for at least a period feed upon the living or dead tissue of the host Larvae are called as maggots There is no role of adult fly in myiasis ,only larval stages are responsible.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF MYIASIS ACCORDING TO Type Clinical presentation Species BY TYPE Obligate -fly is unable to complete lifecycle without host.eg oestrous ovis Facultative -fly complete lifecycle without host caused by calliphorid flies. Accidental- fly larvae feed on host not of usual source.

6. Classification [cont.] BY CLINICAL PRESENTATION Cutaneous - caused by blow flies Nasal- caused by oestrous ovis . Visceral or somatic -caused by hypoderma & gastrophillus . Wound (traumatic myiasis )-maggot infestation of wound or ulcers. BY SPECIES CAUSING IT Primary myiasis Secondary myiasis

7. PRIMARY MYIASIS Primary flies have capability to initiate myiasis Flies deposit eggs on the edges of abrasions and small wounds. Flies have habbit of breeding only in wounds. Maggots hatching out from the eggs burrow deep into tissues and enlarges the wound cavity. Maggots of primary flies feed on living tissues. Larva causes laceration of skin and produce proteolytic enzymes which causes liquifaction of host tissue

8. PRIMARY MYIASIS CAUSING FLIES ARE- Lucilia cuprina (green bottle fly,copper bottle fly) Lucilia sericata Calliphora erythrocephala & c.vomitoria (blue bottle fly) Phormia terrae novae Phormia regima (black bottle fly)

9. Secondary myiasis Larvae of secondary flies have capabilty to extend and deepen the lesions. Formation of great lesions. Larvae are active and require protein for their growth. They attack on the fleshy part of the body.

10. SECONDARY MYIASIS FLIES ARE- Chrysomia bezziana & c.chloropyga (bluish green bottle fly) Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis ( flesh fly)

11. LIFE CYCLE Flies lay their eggs on the body surface Hatching of eggs in one day larvae(drops on soil) 6days pupa (8-21 days,depending on temp.) adult fly NOTE-average time to complete life cycle is 21 days

12. FACTORS EFFECTING PREVALENCE OF MYIASIS Climatic factor temperature rainfall humidity temp should be 30-35oC with suitable high relative humidity.so flies are found in late winter/start of summer/end of rainy seasons( feb-april,oct-nov ) Heavy rainfall decreases their no. Flies also present in winter but their life cycle is prolonged.

13. CLINICAL SIGNS Animal becomes anorectic and deblitate . If condition is present on anterior part of the body then there is attempt to bite. Wagging of tail. If lesions present on hind quarter then they stamp their feet on ground. Lesions cause great irritation to animal

14. PROGNOSIS PRIMARY MYIASIS Without treatment for 2weeks or more can cause death of the animal in seasons when flies are numerous due to repeated and intensive infestations. Wounds treated within 4days after infestation usually recover though it may take about month. SECONDARY MYIASIS Easily responds to treatment.

15. TREATMENT Maggots that are superficial are removed with the forceps and a gauze dipped in chloroform,terpentine or camphor in oil,is allowed to remain in wound for about 24 hours .gauze is removed and by that time most of the maggots are killed.remove using forceps and repeat if maggots are not completely removed. Better idea to use patent preparations like LORAXANE which contains insecticide. Loraxane plus antiseptic proflavine is used

16. CONTD. Herbal sprays like TOPICURE is used which has fly repellent properties. COMPOSITION- tailaparna oil,devadarna oil,karanja oil,tulsi oil,sarala oil,curcumin ( colouring agent). HIMAX –broad spectrum skin ointment which is antiseptic and fly repellant.

17. Cont. Paste of fresh anona leaves which is claimed to Be fly repellent and antiseptic is used alternatively. A single subcutaneous injection of IVERMECTIN (brand name-IVOMAC) is effective -Available as 10 mg/ml solution - dose dog,cattle,goat,sheep-1ml/50 kg bw subcut .