Writing is a fundamental skill that serves as a powerful tool for communication, expression, and creativity.pptx

Writing is a fundamental skill that serves as a powerful tool for communication, expression, and creativity.

1. Writing As a Skill

2. Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease. The communication takes place to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversations.

3. COMPOSITION AND STYLE Start with your audience - The reader should be introduced with the subject. Create an outline- Outlines help in identifying which steps to take in which order. Use AIDA- Follow the Attention-Interest Desire-Action (AIDA) formula. These steps can help in the writing process.

4. GOOD WRITING: Features Completeness : all information needed is provided Correctness : relevant and precise information Credibility : support your argument Clarity : should not be vague, confusing, ambiguous Conciseness : to the point Consideration : anticipate the reader’s reaction Vitality : use the active voice rather than the passive voice

5. AUDIENCE AND FORMAT The first step to writing is choosing the appropriate format. The format, as well as the audience, defines the writing voice i.e., how formal or relaxed the tone should be. With everything one writes, the readers/ recipients, should be able to define the tone as well as aspects of the content

6. Try some empathy- One should remember the audience's needs at all times. Use the rhetorical triangle- One should make sure that one communicates why people should listen , the message should engage the audience.

7. STRUCTURE The document should be as reader friendly as possible Use headings, subheadings, bullet points, and numbering whenever possible to break up the text. Adding graphs and charts is also a smart way to break up your text. Using questions is a good idea, questions help keep the reader engaged and curious.

8. GRAMMATICAL ERRORS It's essential to learn grammar properly, and to avoid common mistakes that the spell checker won't find. Using words like “affect” instead of “effect” or missing out the apostrophe should be avoided . Everything that one writes should be of a quality that every reader will find acceptable.

9. PROOFING Proof your headers and sub headers – People often skip these and focus on the text alone. Just because headers are big and bold doesn't mean they're error free! Read the document out loud –This way one is more likely to catch mistakes . Use your finger to follow text as you read – This is another trick that helps slow down. Start at the end of your document – Proofread from the end to the beginning. This helps focusing on errors, not on content

10. If one feels that there's too much information to include, an outline should be created to outline the thoughts. Learning grammatical and stylistic techniques will also help in writing more clearly. Lastly , one should be sure to proof read the document before sending it.

11. The Writing Process

12. These are the stages of the writing process: Prewriting - is the stage in which you explore possible topics, choose a topic, and then gather details you can include in your writing.

13. Free writing - students write for a specified period of the time without taking their from the page (usually three minutes for a first attempt an then typically for about five to eight minutes) Brainstorming - a group exercise in which all students in the class are encouraged to participate by sharing their collective knowledge about a particular subject

14. Listing the student is encouraged to produce as lengthy list a listing as possible of all the main ideas and subcategories that come to mind as he or she thinks of the topic at hand. Clustering - begins with a keyword or central idea placed in the center of the page (or on the blackboard) around which the student (or the teacher, using student-generated suggestions) quickly jots down all free associations triggered by the subject matter, using words or short phrases.

15. Choosing Your Topic Writing with invisible ink Narrowing Your Topic Use a Planning Web or Cluster Diagram Considering your audience and purpose Considering your Audience Identify who will read your article. Think about what your audience does and does not know about your topic. Consider the type of language that would suit them Considering your Purpose Identify what you want to accomplish through your writing.

16. Gathering details Gather the specific information and ingredients you need before you write your first draft. Use the Reporter’s Formula Strategy to gather details. - Who, What, When, Where, Why, How

17. II. Drafting involves putting ideas down on paper in a rough format. Shaping your Writing Focus on the form- each form of writing has its own set of objectives. Attract your readers’ attention with strong lead 2 . Providing Elaboration As you develop each of the paragraphs in the body of your paper, focus on elaborating, or developing your key points by providing a thorough set of facts, examples, and details.

18. III. Revising - Is the stage in which you rework your rough draft to improve both its form and its content Using Systematic Approach Ratiocination- applying logic to the way you look at your work by color coding items for analysis. At each stage, use a process of color- coding and marking clues in your work to help you revise. 2 . Revising your overall structure Start by examining the soundness of your structure or overall organization. Your ideas should flow logically from beginning to end.

19. 3. Revising your paragraphs Consider the way each sentence contributes to the point of the paragraph. As you evaluate your draft, rewrite or eliminate any sentences that are not effective. Revising your sentences Check to see that they flow smoothly from one to the next. Look to see that you have avoided the pattern of being most of your sentences in the same way.

20. Revising your word choice Make sure that each word conveys the exact meaning you intend. Also, look for the repetition of words, and make revisions to reduce the number of the most commonly repeated words. Peer review Work with one or more classmates to get fresh perspective on your writing.

21. Revision and Editing Focused Exercises • The content of the passage should be related as closely as possible to whatever topics students are working on so that they can review core vocabulary or concepts. • Similar exercises could involve other frequent morphological errors, such as regular plural nouns without –s. Students would then check their own drafts to correct similar errors.

22. Editing and proofreading are the stages in which you polish your writing, fixing errors in grammar, spelling, and mechanics . Proofreading- This is a process whereby the text is being scanned for grammar, syntax and spelling errors. Editing- This process concentrates less on the form and more on the terminology.