WRITING TASK 1-using preposition in presenting data- RELASI IELTS.pptx

Preposition for IELTS

1. WRITING TASK 1: USING PREPOSITION IN PRESENTING DATA 9/20/2023-second meeting

2. What is the trend? The graph shows a decline in the number of books sold between 2008 and 2016 . The graph shows a decline in the number of grammar books sold over an eight-year period .

3. Compound Adjectives A compound adjective is when a hyphen is used to join two or more words together to make an adjective. Note: Sometimes native English speakers don’t put the hyphen between the two words but YOU are expected to do so for the exam. A bonus reason to use compound adjectives is that it shows the examiner you have a very good level of English. Let’s see some more examples of compound adjectives used with periods of time. He works a forty-hour week. (There is NO S after hour) He went on a three-week vacation. (There is no S after week) It is a four-month contract. (Again, no S after month)

4. Now change the following sentences to include a compound adjective: He works 8 hours a day. He works an eight-hour day. Her daughter is five months old. She has a five-month-old daughter. There was a difference of 20 seconds. There was a twenty-second difference. The document had 7 pages. It was a seven-page document. The class lasted two hours. It was a two-hour class.

5. Increase and Decrease as Nouns As nouns, increase , decrease , rise and fall normally have the preposition IN after them ….. when we do NOT specify a number. There was an increase in the number of emergency kits sold in 2012. There was a rise in sales after appearing on television. There has been a decrease in the consumption of sugar this decade. The moment we include a number or specify a number, we use the preposition OF after the noun increase or decrease . There was an increase of 70% in sales of emergency kits sold in 2012.

6. Summary INCREASE (noun) + IN   … when we do NOT specify a number INCREASE (noun) + OF … when we specify a number

7. Increase and Decrease as Verbs Sales increased from 100 to 130 units. ROM is with the start point of a trend. TO is with the end point of a trend What is the difference between 100 and 130? It is 30. To show this difference we can use the preposition BY . Increase (or decrease etc.) + BY + the amount of change. Sales increased by 30 units. BY = the amount of change between two different periods of time or values. When we use a percentage instead of another number, the preposition BY is optional . Sales increased by 30%. … OR Sales increased 30%. (both are correct)

8. BY vs. TO Let’s look at the following sentences: It declined by 5% It declined to 5% We have a different preposition in each sentence and they both change the meaning of it significantly. Let’s see how… What is the difference between these two prepositions if the starting point is 100%? It declined BY 5% means it only drops a small amount from 100% to 95% BY is used to show the difference between the two numbers. The difference between 100 and 95 which is 5. It declined TO 5% means it fell from 100% all the way down to 5% which is a huge drop. We use TO because we are talking about the end point, in this case the end point is 5%. It declined to 5% is a short way of saying: It declined from 100% to 5%.

9. Starting and Ending – Prepositions After verbs that start and end, we mostly use the preposition AT before a number: To start AT To begin AT To end AT To finish AT Some example sentences: Initial prices started at $300 per unit. Production began at 70 units per day in March. Production ended at 90 units per day in August. We can also use the preposition AT with the verb To Peak Crime peaked at 200 incidents per night in April.

10. TASK

11. The line graph below shows the household recycling rates in three different countries between 2005 and 2015. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.