XEROPHTHALMIA --WPS Office.pptx

Xerophthalmia

1. X E R O P H T H A L M I A - W H O C L A S S I F I CATION D r . M a d h u r i . P P o s t G r a duat e D e p t o f O p h t halmology

2. O b j e ctives Define XEROPHTHALMIA E t i o logy WHO c l a s s i f ication

3. D e f i n i tion X erophthalmia is d e f i ned a s all the ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency, including not only the structural changes affecting the conjunctiva, cornea and occasionally retina, but also the biophysical disorders of retinal rods and cones functions.

4. E t i o logy D ietary deficiency of vitamin A D efective absorption o f vitamin A V i t A i s e s s e ntial for the s y n thesis of r e t i n a l p h o t o p i g m e n t s & conjunctival g l y c o p rotei ns R H O D O P SIN > v i s u a l c y c l e > D e l a y e d d a r k a d a p t a tion / N i g h t b l i n d n e s s C o n j u n c t ival e p i t h e lial d y s f u n c tion > O c u l a r surface d r y n e s s

5. X N N i g h t b l i n d ness earliest symptom of xerophthalmia in children. to be elicited by taking detailed history from the guardian

6. X 1 A C o n j u n c t ival x e r o s i s one or more patches of dry, lustreless, nonwettable conjunctiva ‘emerging like sand banks at receding tide’ when the child ceases to cry. These patches almost always involve the interpalpebral area may be associated with conjunctival thickening, wrinkling and pigmentation

7. X 1 B B i t o t s p o t s raised, silvery white, foamy, triangular patch of keratinised epithelium, situated on the bulbar conjunctiva in the interpalpebral area I t is usually bilateral and temporal

8. X 2 C o r n e a l x e r o s i s punctate keratopathy which begins in the lower nasal quadrant,followed by haziness and/or granular pebbly dryness Involved cornea lacks lustre.

9. X 3 A & X 3 B K e r a t o m a l a c i a due to colliquative necrosis characteristically circular, with steep margins and are sharply demarcated X3A usually heal, leaving some useful vision. X3B b commonly result in blindness

10. X S & X F Corneal s c a r s & Xero f u n d u s S tromal defects results in corneal scars of different densities and sizes which may or may not cover the pupillary area XF is characterized by typical seed-like, raised, whitish lesions scattered uniformly over the part of the fundus at the level of optic disc

11. B I T O T ' S S P O T S - X 1 B C o r n e a l s c a r r i n g - XS

12. W H O c l a s s ification X N - N i g h t blindness X 1 A - C o n j u nctival x e r o s i s X 1 B - BITOT'S s p o t s X 2 - C o r n e a l x e r o s i s X 3 A & 3 B - K e r a t o malacia X S - Corneal s c a r r i n g X F - F u n d u s c h a n g e s

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