YELLOW EAR ROT

DISEASE OF FIELD CROPS

1. Tundu or yellow ear rot ( nematode) Anguina tritici ; ( bacteria ) Corynebacterium tritici Vernacular name: tundu vyadhi Symptoms: twisting of the stem, distortion of ear head and rooting of spikelets -oozing of liquid from affected tissues and the ooze mass contains bacterial cells -infected plants are shorter than normal plants - infected plants produce more tillers than the others Disease cycle : primary infection- starts through contaminated seeds with nematode galls sec inf: wind and rain -nematodes secretes some substances that helps bacteria to cause disease

2. ‘ Favorable cond: low temperature and high humidity favours the disease Disease management : sow disease free seeds -collection and destruction of diseased plants seeds can be free from galls by floating in brine at 160g sodium chloride per litre of water -antibiotics such as streptocycline @1g in 10lts of water and [email protected] a.i /ha

3. leaf blight of wheat casual organism : Alternaria triticina vernacular name: godhuma aaku mudatha Symptoms : reddish brown oval spots appear on younger seedlings with bright yellow margin -Severe cases : drying of leaves, young leaves are not infected burnt appearance heavily in the infected fields Pathogen : lights brown colour, multicellular conidia with 1-10 transverse septa , 1-5 longitudinal septa singing or in chains (2-4) Disease cycle : summers over in plant debris & soil primary spread : exit and internal seed borne disease secondary infection: wind

4. . Favourable conditions: 25⁰c temp & high R.H MANAGEMENT : Deep summer ploughing Seed treatment and collection and destruction of diseased leaves Soak the seed in water for 4hrs followed by 10mins hot water at 52⁰c Resistant varieties: sonalika, arnautka Spray mancozeb @0.25 or [email protected]%