YELLOW FEVER.pptx

1st year BSc nursing

1. YELLOW FEVER

2. INTRODUCTION Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes The “yellow “ in the name denotes the jaundice that affects some patients World wide there are about 200000 cases of yellow fever with 30000 deaths every year and 90% occur in Africa (WHO)

3. DEFINITION Yellow fever is a mosquito-born viral disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas. It can occur in males and females of any age. Yellow fever belongs to the flaviviridae family. It affects principally monkeys and other vertebrates in tropical America and Africa and is transmitted to man by certain cullcine mosquitoes

4. CAUSATIVE AGENT Flavivirus fibricus , a member of togavirus family causes yellow fever The reservoir of infection-forest - monkeys, forest mosquitoes and man in urban areas Man is infectious during first 3 to fourth day of illness

5. HOST FACTORS In absence of immunity both sexes are affected Hunters, woodcutters and workers of the forests

6. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Population mobility Urbanisation Favourable temperature of 24 degree Celsius for the multiplication of virus in the mosquitoes

7. TRANSMISSION Mosquito the primary vector carries of the virus from one host to another , primarily between monkeys,from monkeys to humans and from person to person There are different species of the Aedes and haemogogus mosquitoes transmit the virus

8. INCUBATION PERIOD The incubation period for yellow Fever is 3-6days

9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS The “acute “phase The main symptoms are fever,shivering, muscle pain and backache , headache , loss of appetite,and nausea or vomiting. I’m most cases symptoms gets vanished within 3 to 4 days and condition improves. Around 15%of patients face the toxic phase within 24 hours of the initial remission

10. TOXIC PHASE Patient again has high temperature and quite a few body systems are affected Appearance of jaundice Has abdominal pain and vomiting Bleeds through the orifices like mouth,nose,eyes or stomach.following which blood is found in the vomit and feces

11. Kidney function worsens May get in to shock ,agitation,coma,stupor 50% of patients in toxic phase may die within 10-14 days , the others may appear without major organ damage

12. PREVENTION AND CONTROL VACCINATION A single dose of live,attenuated vaccine 0.5mL is given subcutaneously at the site of insertion of deltoid muscle The vaccine must be reconstituted immediately before use with the sterile diluent provided (sodium chloride injection)

13. the vaccine needs to be administered within 1 hour of reconstitution.once reconstituted,a multi dose vial should be maintained and the remaining doses should be used or discarded within 1 hour International health regulation(IHRS)requires re vaccination at intervals of 10 years to boost antibody titer

14. SURVEILLANCE Endemic areas are kept under surveillance

15. MOSQUITO CONTROL MEASURES Anti - larval measures Anti -adult measures Health education Elimination of breeding places