Zafar's Presentation of Development of Drama..docx.pptx

Presentation on Development of Drama

1. Presenter: Zafar Iqbal Roll No: 8 Semester: 3 rd A Instructor: Muhammad Wasim Khan Department of English and Applied Linguistics

2. Development of Drama

3. Contents   Origin of Drama Liturgical Plays Development of Drama Mystery and Miracle Plays Morality Plays Interlude Plays Emergence of Modern Drama The Beginning of Regular Tragedy The Beginning of Regular Comedy   Conclusio n

4. Drama originated in ancient Greece around the 5th century BC. It was a form of performance that combined storytelling, music, and dance. The earliest dramas were religious in nature and were performed in honor of the gods. Drama was later developed in Rome and medieval Europe. Development of drama Origin of drama: Liturgical plays: Liturgical plays were performed in churches during the medieval period. They were used to teach Bible stories to an illiterate congregation. They were performed in Latin and often included music and dance. Liturgical plays paved the way for the development of secular drama.

5. Development of drama The Mystery and Miracle Plays: Mystery and Miracle plays were performed in public spaces during the medieval period. They depicted stories from the Bible and the lives of saints. They were performed by guilds of tradespeople. These plays were performed outdoors and involved elaborate staging and costumes. The Morality Plays: Morality plays were popular in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were allegorical dramas that taught moral lessons. Characters often represented virtues or vices. The most famous morality play is "Everyman," which portrays the journey of the soul through life and death.

6. Interludes were short plays that were performed during the Renaissance. They were performed in between the acts of longer plays. They often had a humorous or satirical tone. Interludes were popular in the court of King Henry VIII. They were purely secular and fairly realistic. The most notable writer of the interludes was John Heywood, whose emphasis w as more on amusement than instructions. Development of drama The interludes:

7. The Moralities with their allegorical characters led to a greater attention being paid to the plot, whilst gradually to emerge into real people. Comic scenes were introduced to relieve the seriousness of the medieval plays. The Vice, a character peculiar to the Morality, was allowed to enter between the scenes and amuse people with a character. Development of drama Emergence of modern drama: The beginning of regular tragedy: Regular tragedy began in the Elizabethan era. It was characterized by the use of blank verse and the portrayal of tragic heroes. The first English regular tragedy was Gorboduc written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton. It was acted in 1561-62. Famous playwrights of this era include William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.

8. Regular comedy also began in the Elizabethan era. It was characterized by the use of prose and the portrayal of humorous situations. The first regular English comedy was Ralph Roister Doister written by Nicholas Udall in 1550. Famous playwrights of this era include Ben Jonson and John Marston. Development of drama The beginning of regular comedy:

9. From such works as Gorboduc and Ralph Roister Doister it is evident how far the drama has advanced from its state of the liturgical play. At first, it was performed inside the church to give the teachings of Bible to the common people; But later on, it was changed and we find in the progress of the drama, especially comedy, a gradual gravitation towards the realities of the life of the day. conclusion Development of drama