zigbee networks using xbee modules zigbee networks using xbee modules

This ppt discusses about zigbee

1. ZigbeeNetworks
Using XbeeModules

2. •TheZigBeeisthenameofawirelessprotocol
maintainedbytheIEEE802.15standard.
•ThisisaprotocolspecifiedforWirelessPersonal
AreaNetwork(PAN)usinglowpoweredwireless
transceivers.
•Therearealreadywirelesstransmitterandreceiver
moduleswhichcandopointtopointcommunication.
What is ZigBee?

3. TheXbeeisthebrandnameawirelesstransceiver
deviceintroducedbytheDigiinternationalwhich
worksontheZigBeeprotocolandcanformPAN
networks.Theyhaveanapproximaterangeof10to
100metersandareusedinindustries,scientificfields,
medicalfieldsetc.
TheXbeemoduleeventhoughusescomplexpacket
databasedZigbeeprotocolforcommunicatingwith
eachother;Butalsotheycancommunicatewithother
devicesusingsimplestserialcommunication
protocolandhencetheyarewidelyusedin
microcontrollerbaseboards.
What is Xbee?

4. What is Zigbee?
•Based on IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
•Designed for sensor and control
networks
•Used for applications that require:
•Low Power Consumption
•Low Data Rate
•Network Security

5. XbeeWireless Modules
•802.15.4/Multipointnetworktopologies
•2.4GHzforworldwidedeployment
•900MHzforlong-rangedeployment
•Low-powersleepmodes
•Multipleantennaoptions
•Lowpowerandlongrangevariantsavailable

6. ZigbeeLayers

7. A ZigbeeNetwork

8. Inameshnetwork,ZigBee,deviceshaveoneofthree
differentduties:
•Coordinator:Establishesandmaintainsthenetworkby
assigningaddressestojoining(associated)devicesandassisting
withpathplanningformvariousnodestoitsself.Inourcase
basestation.
•Routers:movedatabetweennodesthatcannotcommunicate
directly.Inourcasesinknodesorclusterheads.
•Enddevices:Thenodethatcollectsdataandcontrolsdevices
onthenetworkandistypicallyconnectedtoourcontrollers,
sensorsandotherdevicesfornetworkinterfacing.

9. •Zigbeepin-configuration

11. Ashortdiscussionofpingroupswillprovidebetter
understandingofuseandfeaturesofthemodule:
•DOUTandDIN:Thesearethepinsthrough
whichserialdataisreceivedbyourcontrolleror
PC(DOUT)andsenttotheXBee(Din).Thisdata
maybeeitherfortransmissionbetweenXBee
modulesorforsettingandreadingconfiguration
informationoftheXBee.Thedefaultdatarateis
9600baud(bps)usingasynchronousserial
communications.
•RESET:Amomentarylowonthispinwillreset
theXBeetothesavedconfigurationsettings.
Pin Description of XBee

12. •CTS/RTS/DTR:Theseareusedforhandshaking
betweentheXBeeandyourcontrollerorthePC.The
XBeewillnotsenddataoutthroughtheDOUTlineto
yourcontrollerunlesstheRTSlineisheldlow.This
allowsthecontrollertosignaltotheXBeethatitis
readytoreceivemoredata.DTRistypicallyusedby
theXBeewhendownloadingnewfirmware,and
thereforefirmwareupdatescanonlybedoneusing
XBeeadapterboardssuchastheParallaxUSBAdapter
Boardthatimplementthisconnection.When
transmitting,theXBeecansignaltothecontroller
throughtheCTSlinethatitisreadytosendmoredata.
CTSisseldomneededbecausetheXbeesendsdataout
byradiomuchmorequicklythanitacceptsdatafrom
thecontroller.
Pin Description of XBee

13. •DIO0–DIO7/D08:Theseareusedasstandard3.3V
digitalinputsandoutputs.TheXBeecanbe
controlledtosetthestateofthepins.Theycanalso
beusedin"linepassing"sothatthestateofapinon
oneXBee(highorlow)isreflectedonthe
correspondingpinofanotherXBee.
•AD0toAD6:Theseare10-bitAnalogtoDigital
Converter(ADC)inputstotheXBee.Whilewe
cannotdirectlyreadthesevalues,somecanalsobe
usedin"linepassing"sothattheamountofvoltage
onapinononeXBeeisreflectedbytheamountof
voltage(PWM)onthecorrespondingpinofanother
XBee.
Pin Description of XBee

14. •RSSI:TheXBeecanreportthestrengthofthereceived
RFsignalasPWMoutputonthispin.Thisvaluecan
alsoberetrievedusingATcommandsoraspartofa
packetinAPIMode.
•PWM0/1:Thesepinscanbesetfor10-bitpulsewidth
modulatedoutput,whichcanbeuseddirectlyorfiltered
foranalogoutput.Theycanalsobecontrolledusing
“linepassing”bytheanaloginputonanotherXBee.
•ASSOC:Whenconfigured,theXBeecanbesettojoin
anexistingnetworkandassignedcertainparameters.In
thistutorialwewillmanuallyconfiguretheXBeeinthe
networkinsteadofjoiningnetworks.
Pin Description of XBee

15. XBee& XBeePro, 802.15.4
Modules
•The802.15.4styleofXBee(commonlycalledSeries
1)allowspoint-to-pointnetworking,showninFigure,
andpoint-to-multipoint(onenodetoallnodes)
networking.TheyusetheIEEE802.15.4datalink
protocoltomovedatadirectlybetween2ormore
devices.Allnodesonthenetworkusethesame
firmwareversionthoughsettingsonvariousnodes
mayvary.
•TheXBeeandXBee-Proarenearlyidenticalin
operationandfunctionwiththebiggestdifferences
beingsizeandpower.Whilethepinoutsarethesame,
thecasingoftheXBeeProisslightlylonger.

16. Point to Point Communication
in XBee

17. XBeeand XBee-Pro 802.15.4
Power Rating

18. Working of XBee
•TooperateXBee,twoXbeesarerequired,onewillactasa
transmitterandtheotherwillactasareceiver.
•Nowsupposeyouwanttosendsomethingfromonesideto
another,onehastoconnectonexbeeatthetransmittersideand
theotheratthereceiverside.Forexamplehomeautomation
projectinwhichremoteisusedtoswitchonyourlightorfan
etc.SointhatcasetherewemustbeoneXBeeinremoteand
thesecondoneinboardwherethelightcircuitisplaced.
•Sowhenonepress’sthebuttonofremote,theXBeeinremote
willsendaninstructiontotheXBeeintheboard.Assoonas
theXBeeintheboardreceivetheinstructionfromXBeeinthe
remoteitwillswitchonthelight.BoththeXbeesare
connectedtotheArduinoboardandneedstobeprogrammed.

19. Example of interfacing Temperature
sensor with Arduino using XBee
•InterfaceaZigbeemodulewiththeArduinoUnoandthe
temperaturereadingsfromtheLM35sensorwillbeforwardedto
theotherPCwirelesslythroughtheZigbee.
Sensornode/Enddevice:

20. •Sink nodes/Coordinator/Base station:

21. Configuration of Zigbee
•Configuration
•XB24-ZB
•Coordinator AT : PAN ID and Destination
•Routers: PAN ID and JV verification for Tran-receiver
•Both should have common PAN ID

22. Operation:
TheSensingelementcontinuouslymonitorsthephenomenonin
thetargetedarea,inourcaseeitherforestsorbuildingsandthen
thesensedsignalsarebeingpassedtotheprocessingelementfor
furtherprocessing,inourcaseitisAVRMicrocontroller.These
processedvaluesarefurthertransmittedoverawirelessmedium
tothesinknodeorBasestationwiththehelpofZigbee
Modules.Thuseachnode,partofthewholenetworkwill
transmitthedataoverwirelessmediumtothesinknodeorBase
station.ThewholenetworkisimplementedusingStarandMesh
topologies.Startopologyisusedtotransmitthedatafromthe
sensornodestothesinknodes.Meshtopologyhasbeenusedto
transmitthedatafromthesinknodesorclusterheadstothe
Basestation.i.e.Sensornodesdumpthedataintosinknode
calledclusterhead,whichisintherangeofsensornode.Then
theclusternodestransmitthedatatotheotherclusterheads
nearbyforpassingtheinformationtotheBasestation.

23. Xbeeand Arduino

24. XbeeWireless Modules

25. Nvis3302ARD RoboCar

26. Zigbee Configuration End Device Steps

36. Zigbee Configuration Coordinator Steps

47. Connection Diagram
Nvis3302 ARD

48. Zigbee Interfacing Code

50. Zigbee Command Window

51. Accelerometer Interfacing Code

52. Accelerometer Output Serial Window