Zinc Deficiency

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1. ZINC DEFICIENCY SUNIL SHARMA

2. INTRODUCTION Definition :- Zinc deficiency  is defined either as insufficient zinc to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum zinc level below the normal range.  Role of Zinc:- boosting immune function helping cells divide maintaining the sense of smell and taste promoting wound healing

3. NORMAL RANGE Recommended Dietary Allowance  (RDA) is:- 8 mg/day for women and 11 mg/day for men .   RDA IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP:- Age Male Female Pregnancy Lactation 0–6 months 2 mg* 2 mg*     7–12 months 3 mg 3 mg     1–3 years 3 mg 3 mg     4–8 years 5 mg 5 mg     9–13 years 8 mg 8 mg     14–18 years 11 mg 9 mg 12 mg 13 mg 19+ years 11 mg 8 mg 11 mg 12 mg

4. RICH SOURCES OF ZINC OYSTERS  BEANS SEEDS NUTS MEAT SHELLFISH LEGUMES  EGGS WHOLE GRAINS SOME VEGETABLE LIKE:- POTATO DARK CHOCOLATE DAIRY FOODS LIKE:- CHEESE MILK

5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ZINC DEFICIENCY MAINLY AFFECTS THE:- SKIN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT BRAIN AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IMMUNE SKELETAL REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS.

6. COMMONM SIGN &SYMPTOM APPETITE LOSS SLOWER THAN EXPECTED GROWTH POOR IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION SEVERE ZINC DEFICIENCY CAN CAUSE EVEN MORE CONCERNING SYMPTOMS. EXAMPLES INCLUDE: DELAYED SEXUAL MATURITY DIARRHEA EYE AND SKIN LESIONS FEELING LETHARGIC FUNNY-TASTE SENSATIONS HAIR LOSS POOR WOUND HEALING UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS

7. MAJOR SIGN & SYMPTOM SKIN, NAILS AND HAIR Acne

8. Eczema Xerosis (dry, scaling skin)

9. Alopecia (thin and sparse hair) Dermatitis Impaired wound healing

10. 2. Mouth Non-specific Oral Ulceration Stomatitis White tongue coating

11. Rarely angular cheilitis (sores at the corners of the mouth) Burning mouth syndrome 3. Vision, smell and taste Severe zinc deficiency may disturb the sense of smell and taste Night blindness

12. 4. Immune system Impaired immune function in people with zinc deficiency can lead to the development of Respiratory , Gastrointestinal , or other infections, e.g., Pneumonia . 5. Diarrhea 6. Appetite Zinc deficiency may lead to loss of appetite or anorexia nervosa Miss A—" pictured in 1866 and in 1870 after treatment. She was one of the earliest case studies of anorexia.

13. 7. Cognitive function and hedonic tone:- Moderate and more severe zinc deficiencies are associated with behavioral abnormalities, such as Irritability , Lethargy , and Depression. 8. Psychological disorders:- - Schizophrenia -Depression -Generalized anxiety disorder -Obsessive compulsive disorder -Migraines 9. Growth:- Zinc deficiency in children can cause delayed growth

14. 10. During Pregnancy:- Zinc deficiency during pregnancy can negatively affect both the mother and fetus. -Difficult and prolonged labor -Hemorrhage Dystocia

15. Placental abruption Very low birth weight baby

16. CAUSES not taking in enough zinc through one's diet. Losing Excess Amounts Of Zinc From The Body Like :- (A) By Exercising (B) Diarrhea (C) Changes in intestinal tract absorb ability and permeability due to infection. People With Chronic Conditions Like :- (A) Sickle cell disease (B) Chronic kidney disease (C) Chronic liver disease Alcohol Addiction Cancer

17. Crohn's Disease Diabetes Pancreatic Disease Sickle Cell Disease Ulcerative Colitis Burn Increased Utilization Like:- (A) Exercising (B) Childhood Growth (C) Pregnancy   (D) It Can Also Occur After Bariatric Surgery

18. PREVALENCE OBJECTIVE : To estimate the prevalence of serum zinc deficiency in children of 6 months to 60 months of age. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the data to establish the prevalence of zinc deficiency in children in 6-60 months of age in five states namely, Uttar Pradesh(Northern region), Karnataka (Southern region), Orissa (Eastern region), Gujarat (Western region) and Madhya Pradesh (Central region) of the country.

19. In each state, all the districts with ICDS scheme were enlisted and one district was selected with the help of Random number table (RNT). In each district, all the ICDS projects were selected and one ICDS project was selected with help of RNT. In the selected ICDS project, a cluster 5 Anganwadi centres (AWC) were selected. From the selected AWCs, three hundred children in the age group of 6-60 months were selected for the detailed study. A total of 1,655 subjects (836 males and 819 females) were included. The blood samples were collected from each child. The serum zinc estimation was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

20. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of zinc deficiency in five states was 43.8% . The prevalence of zinc deficiency was highest in Orissa (51.3%), followed by Uttar Pradesh (48.1%), Gujarat (44.2%), Madhya Pradesh (38.9%) and Karnataka (36.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in children belonging to Low Socio-economic Index (LSI) in India.

21. THANK YOU