Zoology100_Animal_Tissues_Types& Functions.pptx

For Zoology and other natural sciences subjects

1. Animal Tissues - Types and Functions ZOO 100 An Overview of Animal Tissues

2. Introduction Animal tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function. They are categorized into four main types, each with specific characteristics and roles within the body. Histology is the study of tissues

3. Epithelial Tissue - Characteristics Closely packed cells forming continuous sheets Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities Avascular (lacks blood vessels) Have a high regenerative capacity Types: Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified, Transitional

4. Shape and Flexibility : Transitional epithelium consists of several layers of cells that can stretch and flatten when organs (like the bladder) fill with urine. When relaxed, the cells are more rounded; when stretched, they become flatter. Location : This type of epithelium is primarily found in the urinary system, particularly in the bladder, ureters, and parts of the urethra. It’s designed to handle the varying volume of urine. Epithelial Tissue - Functions Protection (e.g., skin epithelium) Absorption (e.g., intestinal lining) Filtration (e.g., kidney epithelium) Secretion (e.g., glands) Sensory reception

5. Epithelial Tissue Types and Functions

6. Connective Tissue - Characteristics Most abundant and widely distributed tissue Consists of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix Vascular (except cartilage) Provides support and structure Types: Loose, Dense, Cartilage, Bone, Blood

7. Connective Tissue Functions Binding and supporting other tissues Protecting organs (e.g., bones, cartilage) Insulating (e.g., adipose tissue Storing reserve fuel (e.g., fat) Transporting substances (e.g., blood)

8. Connective Tissue Types and Characteristics, F unctions , Locations Muscle Type Characteristics Function Location Loose Connective Tissue Fibers are loosely arranged , flexible Support ,  binding ,  nourishment Beneath skin, around blood vessels, nerves, organs Contains collagen, elastin fibers Cushions and protects organs Between muscles and organs Areolar Adipose Reticular Distributed fibers , fibroblasts, mast cells supports epithelium Store reserve fuel, shock absorber framework for lymphoid organs - beneath the epidermis - under the skin, internal organs (visceral fat), breast tissue - liver, lymph nodes and spleen Dense Connective Tissue Tightly packed fibers , strong Strength ,  resistance  to stress Tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone) Mostly collagen fibers Provides strong attachment and support Dermis of the skin Cartilage Firm yet flexible , no blood supply Flexibility ,  shock absorption Joints, ear, nose, intervertebral discs Contains chondrocytes in lacunae Supports and cushions Rib cage, larynx, trachea Bone Tissue Hard, calcified matrix, vascular Support ,  protection ,  mineral storage Skeleton (bones of the body) Contains osteocytes in lacunae Facilitates movement,  produces blood cells Long bones (femur, humerus), skull, vertebrae Blood Tissue -  Liquid matrix (plasma), cells suspended - Contains RBCs, WBCs, platelets -  Transport  of gases, nutrients, waste - Immune Response - Circulates in the cardiovascular system - Inside blood vessels and heart

9. Muscle Tissue - Characteristics Composed of elongated cells called muscle fibers Specialized for contraction Generates force and causes movement Types : Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

10. Muscle Tissue - Functions Producing body movements (e.g., skeletal muscles) Maintaining posture Stabilizing joints Generating heat during contraction Pumping blood (e.g., cardiac muscle)

11. Muscle Type Characteristics Function Location Skeletal Muscle Striated ,  multinucleated ,  voluntary -  Voluntary movement ,  posture maintenance - Attached to bones via tendons - Long, cylindrical fibers -  Produces heat , facilitates body movements - Found in muscles like biceps, triceps, quadriceps Cardiac Muscle -  Striated ,  branched fibers ,  involuntary -  Pumps blood throughout the body - Walls of the heart (myocardium) - Intercalated discs, single nucleus per cell -  Maintains heart rhythm , continuous contraction - Heart Smooth Muscle -  Non-striated ,  spindle-shaped cells ,  involuntary -  Involuntary movements , regulates flow - Walls of hollow organs (stomach, intestines, blood vessels) Single nucleus per cell, slow contractions Controls diameter of vessels , moves substances - Found in respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts Muscle Tissue Types and Characteristics, f unctions, locations

12. Nervous Tissue Characteristics Composed of neurons and supporting cells(neuroglia ) Specialized for transmitting electrical impulses Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves Capable of generating and conducting nerve impulses

13. Nervous Tissue - Functions Sensing stimuli Processing and interpreting information Controlling body activities Transmitting signals between different parts of the body Coordinating voluntary and involuntary actions

14. Category Description Characteristics Composed of neurons  (nerve cells) and  glial cells  (support cells). Neurons  have a cell body, dendrites (receive signals), and axons (transmit signals). Glial cells  provide support, protection, and nourishment to neurons. Capable of  electrical impulse conduction  and  signal transmission. Functions Sensory Input : Receives and processes sensory information from the environment. Integration : Analyzes and interprets sensory input, creating appropriate responses. Motor Output : Sends signals to muscles and glands to produce a response. Homeostasis : Regulates internal body functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion. Cognition and Emotion : Involved in memory, learning, thinking, and emotional responses Locations Central Nervous System (CNS) : Brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) : Nerves extending throughout the body Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) : Controls involuntary functions (heart, glands, etc.) Specialized sense organs : Eyes, ears, skin (sensory receptors) Nervous Tissue Characteristics, f unctions, locations