Zoonotic Parasites information bests.ppt

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1. Zoonotic Parasites
Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu

2. What are zoonotic diseases
According to the CDC* a zoonotic disease is any
disease which may be passed from animals to people
or from people to animals.
CDC: U.S. Communicable Disease Center

3. Zoonotic Diseases
Approximately 60% of all human
pathogens are zoonotic
75% of emerging infectious diseases
have an animal origin
Growing need for veterinarians and
physicians to work together

4. Causes of Zoonotic Disease
Bacteria
Virus
Parasites
Fungi

5. Parasites and Animals
Many methods of parasite transmission
to people involve animals

6. Can you name some animal
parasites?

7. Vector-borne Parasites
A vector is an agent which transfers a
parasite from one host to another
Typical parasite vectors: fleas, ticks,
mites, mosquitoes, flies, and other
insects
People become infected when a vector
picks up the parasite from an infected
animal and infects a human

8. Parasites carried by Vectors
Many parasites that are carried by
vectors are often found in the blood of
humans and animals

9. Trypanosoma Cruzi
Causes Chagas disease.
Damage to heart, digestive tract, and brain (in
children).
Spread by the “Kissing Bug,”
native to South America and the southern US
The bug bites the human then defecates next to the
wound. Rubbing bite wound spreads parasite into the
wound.
Parasite can cycle from animals like armadillos,
raccoons, opossums, and foxes to bugs to humans.

10. Chagas Disease & The “Kissing
Bug”
Kissing Bug found
in Texas
Trypanosoma
cruzi in the blood
Don’t Kiss
ME!!!

11. Babesia
Intracellular protozoa found in red blood
cells
Spread by infected Ticks
If you play
around trees,
check your head
and body for
me!!

12. DID YOU KNOW?
Texas A&M University College of
Veterinary Medicine was started to stop
the spread of the Cattle Fever Tick.
The causative agent was a species of
Babesia that the ticks were spreading to
Texas cattle.
Thanks
TEXAS A&M!!

13. Leishmania
Unlike Babesia and Chagas Disease,
Leishmania live in tissue and not the
blood
Spread through the bite of an infected
Sandfly*
*common on Caribbean beaches

14. Leishmania
Human foot

15. Waterborne Parasites
Spread when humans come into contact
with water that has been contaminated
by an infected animal
Common waterborne parasites include
Giardia
Cryptosporidium

16. Giardia & Cryptosporidium

17. Giardia & Cryptosporidium
Get from swallowing water contaminated by
another infected human or animal
Giardia is the 2
nd
most common parasitic
disease in people
Cryptosporidium is the most common
cause of diarrhea from swimming
Both can cause severe diarrhea
Gross!!! Don’t
drink the water
your swimming
in!!!

18. How Do People Get Parasites

19. Methods of Parasite
Transmission
Insect bites
Animal feces
Handling raw meat and fish
Handling cat litter boxes
Contaminated fruits and vegetables
Infected food handlers
Contaminated water
Contact with an infected person
I need to
WASH MY
HANDS!!!

20. Broad Categories of Transmission
Vectorborne (insects)
Waterborne
Fecal Oral Transmission
Contaminated Meat

21. Fecal-Oral Transmission
Most common way people become
infected with zoonotic parasites
Parasites are spread to humans when
they ingest the eggs from the feces of an
infected animal
Parasites spread by fecal oral
transmission generally live in the
intestinal tract
I don’t feel
so good

22. Spread by Fecal Oral Transmission
Hookworms
Roundworms
Hydatid Disease
Toxoplasmosis

23. Hookworms & Roundworms
They are like
monsters!!!!

24. Hookworms & Roundworms
Carried by dogs and
cats
Kids often get
infected from playing
in sand boxes which
animals have
defecated
Or by putting toys in
their mouth which
have been on the
ground

25. Hookworms
Can penetrate the
skin and gain entry
into the human body
Bare feet are a
common route of
entry
Wearing shoes is one of the
best ways to prevent
parasites from entering your
feet!!!

26. Hydatid Disease
After Humans consume the eggs passed
by dogs the worms can form huge cysts
in the body

27. Toxoplasmosis
How many have of you
have heard that
pregnant women
shouldn’t clean cat litter
boxes?
That is because of the
potential for them to
contract Toxoplasmosis
which can cause them to
lose their unborn child.

28. Toxoplasmosis
Even though it is commonly associated
with pregnancy and litter boxes,
toxoplasmosis is more commonly
transmitted through undercooked meat
According to the CDC toxoplasmosis is
the 3
rd
leading cause of foodborne
related deaths in the US
Order your
food to be
cooked all the
way!!

29. Contaminated Meat
Meat can be contaminated with harmful
bacteria and can also contain parasitic
cysts which may infect people.
Common Parasites Found in Meat
Toxoplasmosis
Trichinella
Taenia
Gnathostomosis

30. Trichinosis & Taenia
Both caused by
eating cysts in
undercooked pork or
beef
Incidence rate has
decreased with
better animal
management and
slaughter protocol
Fully cook your
meat!

31. Cysticercosis
If a person
consumes Taenia
eggs they can
develop cysts in their
brain!

32. Gnathostomosis
Similar to Taenia and Trichonosis, but
gnathostomosis is found in raw fish
What area do you think this disease is
most common? Asia

33. Summary
Zoonotic parasites have many routes of
transmission to people
Vectors
Water
Fecal Contamination
Infected Meat

34. So How Can You Protect
Yourself?

35. Preventing Zoonotic Parasites
Brainstorm some ways we can prevent
them…
 Always wash your hands
 Keep sand boxes covered
 Wear shoes
 Pick up animal feces when possible
 Don’t drink untreated water
 Cook meat thoroughly

36. References
http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/
default.htm
http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/
dxendopar/index.html
www.nih.gov
www.nsf.gov
www.floridahealthfinder.gov