zwitterions.pptx

zwitterions of proteins and amino acids

for nutrition and nursing students

1. GOOD EVENING! RAY INOJALES POCOT, LPTIII, MAED-EM

2. Eyes breaker Up, Up, Grind – grind Open , close Push – open , close Sway, cross – shoulder, Rock – rock slow

3. The two important structural protein recall Collagen Keratin In the D-glucose, what is H?

4. What collagen do in the body? recall Provide structure, strength and support throughout the body. In the L-glucose, what is H?

5. What is the relationship between collagen and age of a person. recall In disaccharides, what is H? (from top-R-L)

6. What are water soluble vitamins? recall In disaccharides, what is O? (from bottom L) The vitamins C and B-complex Vitamin c –ascorbic acids Vit.B1- thiamine Vit. B2 – riboflavin Vit. B3 – Niacin Vit. B5pantotheric acid Vit. B6 – Pyridoxine Vit. B7 – Biotin Vit. B9 – folate Vit. B12 - Cobalamin

7. What are the different functions of proteins in the body? recall In disaccharides, what is O? (from top L) Structure Catalysis Movement Transport Hormones 6. Protection 7. Storage 8. Regulation

8. What are the three classification of amino acids? recall In disaccharides, what is O? (from top L) Essential Non- essential Conditionally essential

9. What are the classification of amino acids base on polarity of R group? recall In disaccharides, what is O? (from top L) Non - polar Polar but neutral acidic Basic

10. what is amino acids? Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.

11. what is amino acids? When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are the result. The human body then uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body: Break down food Grow Repair body tissue Perform many other body functions

12. Amino acids are classified into three groups: Essential amino acids Nonessential amino acids Conditionally essential amino acids Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body. As a result, they must come from food. The 9 essential amino acids are: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine,  tryptophan, and valine.

13. Amino acids are classified into three groups: Essential amino acids Nonessential amino acids Conditionally essential amino acids Nonessential means that our bodies can produce the amino acid, even if we do not get it from the food we eat. Nonessential amino acids include: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine

14. Amino acids are classified into three groups: Essential amino acids Nonessential amino acids Conditionally essential amino acids Conditionally essential amino acids are usually not essential, except in times of illness and stress. Conditionally essential amino acids include: arginine, cysteine, glutamine, tyrosine, glycine, proline, and serine.

15. General formula/ structures of amino acids

16. General formula/ structures of amino acids RCOOH, cannot exist in the presence of moderately weak base (such as NH3). They donate a proton to become carboxylate ions, RCOO-

17. General formula/ structures of amino acids Likewise, amines, RNH2 cannot exist as such in the presence of a moderately weak acids ( such as acetic acid). They gain proton to become substituted ammonium ions RNH3+

18. General formula/ structures of amino acids Likewise, amines, RNH2 cannot exist as such in the presence of a moderately weak acids ( such as acetic acid). They gain proton to become substituted ammonium ions RNH3+

19. What is zwitterions? Compounds that have positive charge on one atom and a negative charge on another.

20. What is zwitterions? Compounds that have positive charge on one atom and a negative charge on another. From German word, zwitter ; meaning “hybrid”.

21. What is zwitterions? Amino acids are zwitterions, not only in water solution but also in the solid state. Therefore, ionic compound – that RCH(NH2)COOH , molecules do not actually exist in any form

22. What is an Isoelectric point ( pI )? If the amino acids is positive ion at low pH and a negative ion at high pH, there must be some pH at which molecules have equal charges.

23. What is an Isoelectric point ( pI )?

24. How to calculate pI ?

25. How to calculate pI ?

26. How to calculate pI ?

27. How to calculate pI ?

28. How to calculate pI ?

29. Example of calculating pI . Isoelectric point ( pI ) can be calculated using the formula,  pI = pKa1 + pKa2/ 2 for molecules with two ionizable groups (e.g. amino acids like glycine). The pKa1 of the carboxylic acid group of glycine is 2.34 and pKa2 of the amino group is 9.60, therefore, pI (glycine) = (2.34+9.60)/2 = 5.94

30. Find the isoelectric point ( pI ) of Valine Find the isoelectric point ( pI ) of Lysine Find the isoelectric point ( pI ) of Glutamic acid